'Cloud Computing Technology Essay\r'

'INTRODUCTION\r\n over taint calculation is cyberspace (â€Å" slander”) based on development and apply of figurer technology (â€Å" computing device science”).It is a flair of computation in which high-energy everyy scalable and much virtual(prenominal)ised resources atomic number 18 provided as a dish out everywhere the internet.Users get hold of non bring forth knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology substructure â€Å"in the fog” that sanctions them. The concept incorporates infrastructure as a att overthrow to (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and parcel as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and otherwise(a) recent (ca. 2007-2009) technology trends which have the common topic of reliance on the interlock for satisfying the calculation needs of the officers. Examples of SaaS vendors include Salesforce.com and Google Apps which provide common affair finishs online that be admittanceed from a entanglem ent browser, while the software package and information are stored on the servers.\r\nA mist is a pool of virtualized computer resources. A denigrate drop: 1.Host a variety of different workloads, including batch-style back-end jobs and interactive, user- face up performances. 2.Allow workloads to be deployed and scaled-out quickly by dint of the rapid provisioning of virtual machines or physical machines. 3.Support redundant, self-recovering,highly scalable computer programing poseurs that cater workloads to recover from many unavoidable ironware/software failures. 4.Monitor resource use in really prison term to enable rebalancing of al steads when needed.\r\nFig 1.1: Overview of befoul reckon\r\n business relationship\r\nThe underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy opined that â€Å" numeration whitethorn any(prenominal)day be organized as a public inferior”; indeed it shares characteristics with service bureaus which date back to the 1960 s.The term besmirch had already come into commercial use in the proterozoic 1990s to refer to liberal ATM profitss.By the handle of the 21st century,the term â€Å" mottle figuring” had started to appear, although most of the focus at this quantify was on computer software as a service (SaaS). In 1999, Salesforce.com was realised by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris,and his fellows.They applied many technologies of consumer weathervane sites equivalent Google and Yahoo! to business activitys.\r\nIBM extended these concepts in 2001,as diminutive in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto-which described in advance(p) automation techniques much(prenominal) as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-configuring, and self-optimizing in the attention of complex IT governances with heterogeneous memory, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other clay elements that can be virtualized across an attempt.\r\n amazon.com played a key role in the development of cl oud figuring by modernizing their data centres after the dot-com bubble and, having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in monumental internal efficiency improvements,providing rise to power to their systems by way of Amazon Web serve in 2002 on a utility computing basis. 2007 saw increased activity,with Google,IBM and a number of universities embarking on a large scale cloud computing research project, around the time the term started gaining popularity in the mainstream press.\r\nWORKING OF overcast figure\r\nFig 1.2: works of cloud computing\r\nIn cloud computing you only need to load one application.This application would allow workers to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. Remote machines possess by another company would suck everything from netmail to word processing to complex data compendium programs.It’s called cloud computing, and it could change the entire computer industry.\r\nIn a cloud computing system, in that respect’s a significant workload shift.Local computers no longer have to do all the forbidding lifting when it comes to running applications.The network of computers that set up up the cloud handles them instead. Hardware and software demands on the user’s side decrease.The only thing the user’s computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system’s porthole software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud’s network takes care of the rest.\r\n fog ARCHITECTURE\r\n stain architecture,the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the economy of cloud computing, comprises computer hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves nine-fold cloud components communication with each other over application programming interfaces, usually network work.\r\n vitiate architecture extends to the thickening, w here web browsers and/or software applications gate cloud applications. mist over transshipment center architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are centralized enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently de cognizering data to applications or users.\r\nFig 1.3: Cloud architecture\r\nCOMPONENTS\r\n1. APPLICATION\r\nA cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture,often eliminating the need to establish and run the application on the customer’s birth computer,thus alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support.\r\n2. smirch CLIENTS\r\nA cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on the cloud for application lurch, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is fundamentally useless without it. For example:Mobile ,Thin client ,Thick client / Web browser .\r\n3. bribe INFRASTRUCTURE\r\nCloud infr astructure,such as Infrastructure as a service,is the delivery of computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment,as a service.For example:grid computing ,Management , Compute ,Platform.\r\n4. mist PLATFORMS\r\nA cloud platform,such as Paas, the delivery of a computing platform,and/or solution saas,facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexness of misdirecting and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.\r\n5. CLOUD SERVICES\r\nA cloud service includes â€Å"products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet”.For example Web Services (â€Å"software system[s] designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network”) which may be graveled by other cloud computing components, software, e.g., Software plus services, or end users directly.\r\n6. CLOUD remembering\r\nCloud memory involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month. For example Database ,Network attached storage ,Web service .\r\nTYPES OF CLOUDS\r\n1. PUBLIC CLOUD\r\nPublic cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site trey-party provider who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.\r\n2. HYBRID CLOUD\r\nA hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers â€Å"will be typical for most enterprises”.\r\n3. PRIVATE CLOUD\r\n hush-hush cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to describe offerings that simulate cloud computing on mystical networks.These (typically virtualisation automation) products bring to â€Å"deliver some benefits of cloud comput ing without the pitfalls”, capitalising on data security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns.\r\nThey have been criticised on the basis that users â€Å" quieten have to buy, build, and manage them” and as such do not benefit from set out up-front capital costs and less hands-on direction ,essentially â€Å"[lacking] the economic model that films cloud computing such an intriguing concept”.While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of corporate IT, in that location is some contention as to whether they are a reality even within the same firm.\r\nROLES contend IN CLOUD reason\r\n1. CLOUD COMPUTING PROVIDERS\r\nA cloud computing provider or cloud computing service provider owns and operates live cloud computing systems to deliver service to third parties.Usually this requires significant resources and expertise in grammatical construction and managing next-generation data centers. several(prenominal) organi sations realise a subset of the benefits of cloud computing by becoming â€Å"internal” cloud providers and servicing themselves, although they do not benefit from the same economies of scale and still have to railroad engineer for peak loads.\r\nThe barrier to gateway is also significantly higher with capital outgo involve and billing and management ca-cas some overhead.Nonetheless, significant operational efficiency and agility advantages can be realised, even by small organisations, and server integrating and virtualization rollouts are already well underway.Amazon.com was the first such provider,modernising its data centers which,like most computer networks, were victimisation as little as 10% of its capacity at any one time just to precede room for occasional spikes.\r\nThis allowed small, fast-moving groups to add new features quicker and easier, and they went on to open it up to outsiders as Amazon Web Services in 2002 on a utility computing basis. Players in th e cloud computing service provision game include the likes of Amazon, Google, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Salesforce, check out and Yahoo!\r\n2. USER\r\nA user is a consumer of cloud computing.The privacy of users in cloud computing has become of increasing concern.The rights of users are also an issue, which is beingness addressed via a community effort to create a bill of rights.\r\n3. VENDOR\r\nA vendor sells products and services that facilitate the delivery, adoption and use of cloud computing.For example:Computer hardware,Storage,infrastructure,Computer software,Operating systems ,Platform virtualization.\r\nAPPLICATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING\r\n1.EASY inlet TO DATA\r\nClients would be able to access their applications and data from anywhere at any time.They could access the cloud computing system using any computer linked to the internet.\r\n2. REDUCTION OF COSTS\r\nIt could bring hardware costs down.Cloud computing systems would reduce the need for advance hardw are on the client side.You wouldn’t need to buy the fastest computer with the most memory, because the cloud system would take care of those needs for you. Instead, you could buy an inexpensive computer terminal, enough processing spring to run the middleware necessary to connect to the cloud system.\r\n3. comfort station\r\nCorporations that rely on computers have to make authentic they have the right software in stake to achieve goals. Cloud computing systems give these organizations company-wide access to computer applications.Instead, the company could pay a metered stipend to a cloud computing company.\r\n4. EASY STORAGE\r\nServers and digital storage devices take up space. Some companies rent physical space to store servers and databases because they put one across’t have it available on site. Cloud computing gives these companies the option of storing data on psyche else’s hardware, removing the need for physical space on the front end.\r\n5. NO TE CHNICAL SUPPORT RECQUIRED\r\nCorporations mogul save money on IT support. Streamlined hardware would, in theory, have fewer problems than a network of heterogeneous machines and operating systems.\r\n6. SOLUTION TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS\r\nIf the cloud computing system’s back end is a grid computing system, then the client could take advantage of the entire network’s processing power.\r\nCLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES\r\n1. amazon WEB SERVICES\r\nThe Amazon development model involves building Zen virtual machine images that are run in the cloud by EC2. That heart you build your own Linux/Unix or Windows operating system image and upload it to be run in EC2. AWS has many pre-configured images that you can start with and customize to your needs.\r\n on that point are web service APIs (via WSDL) for the superfluous support services like S3, SimpleDB, and SQS. Because you are building self-contained OS images, you are responsible for your own development and deployment tools. AWS is the most mature of the CC options. Applications that require the processing of huge amounts of data can make effective you of the AWS on-demand EC2 instances which are managed by Hadoop.\r\n2. GOOGLE AppEngine\r\nGAE allows you to run Python/Django web applications in the cloud.Google provides a set of development tools for this purpose. i.e. You can develop your application within the GAE run-time environment on our local system and deploy it after it’s been debugged and working the way you want it. Google provides entity-based SQL-like (GQL) back-end data storage on their scalable infrastructure (BigTable) that will support very large data sets. Integration with Google Accounts allows for change user authentication.\r\n3. MICROSOFT WINDOWS AZURE\r\n sapphire is essentially a Windows OS running in the cloud.You are in effect uploading and running your ASP.NET (IIS7) or .NET (3.5) application. Microsoft provides tight integration of Azure development directly into Visual Studio 2008. For enterprise Microsoft developers the .NET Services and SQL Data Services (SDS) will make Azure a very attractive option. The outlive Framework provides a resource model that includes access to the Microsoft Live Mesh services.\r\nCHARACTERSTICS\r\n1.COST\r\nPricing is based on usage-based options and minimal or no IT skills are required for implementation.\r\n2.DEVICE AND LOCATION INDEPENDENCE\r\nIt enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g. PC, mobile\r\n3.MULTI-TENANCY\r\nThis enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users.\r\n4.RELIABILITY\r\nThis is adequate for business continuity and disaster recovery.\r\n5.SCALABILITY\r\nDynamic (â€Å"on-demand”) provisioning of resources without users having to engineer for peak loads\r\n6.SECURITY\r\nIt improves due to centralization of data,increased security-focused resources.\r\n7.SUSTANIBILITY\r\nThis comes through im proved resource utilisation, more efficient systems.\r\nADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING\r\n1. Ability to scale to meet changing user demands quickly\r\n2. Pay by use.\r\n3. chore oriented\r\n4. Virtually no maintainence due to dynamic infrastructure software.\r\n5. Application and operating system independent.\r\n6. hands-down to develop your own web-based applications that run in the cloud.\r\n7. situation of infrastructure in areas with lower costs of real estate and electricity.\r\n8. Sharing of peak-load capacity among a large pool of users ,improving overall utilization.\r\n9. Separation of application enactment from physical resources.\r\n10. Not having to purchase assets for one time or infrequent computing tasks. 11. Ability to use external assets to handle peak loads.\r\nDRAWBACKS OF CLOUD COMPUTING\r\n1. Often limited or no skilful support available.\r\n2. Canned solutions such may not be full-featured or too task oriented. 3. When in that location are technical issue s,you may lose access to your data or application.\r\n4. No control.\r\n5. You must have an internet connection.\r\n6. If the company hosting the application goes out of business,you may lose access to your data or application permanently. REFERENCES\r\n1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing\r\n2. http://communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing1.htm 3. http://communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing2.htm 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing_user\r\n5. http://communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing.htm 6. http://communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing.htm/printable 7. http://cloudcadet.com/what-is-cloud-computing/\r\n8. http://askville.amazon.com/advantages-disadvantages-Web-based-Cloud-Computing- Wave/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=16202235\r\n'