volleyball college essay :: essays research papers

Have you ever struggled mightily for something and succeeded? What do you successful?I looked in their faces and knew mine mirrored theirs. I didnt want it to, exactly it did. Just ten minutes ago, we all were so jubilant. We were so sure we were going to win. We had all wanted it for so long, but we finally felt is as our destiny just a few moments ago. But as our opponent threw the ball in the air, I knew she was just about to serve another ace. However, when the ball landed three feet in front of our best passer, something snapped inside of me.We were going to win the game. That was the end of it. I knew it. We were the winners of that game. I stood up and yelled in a voice that even frightened me. I didnt scream about moving our feet, or calling the ball, I screamed about how big of winners we were. I was through with(p) with moping. For seven minutes of my life, I had forgotten that I could do anything I set my mind to, and I had given up. The worst seven minutes of my voll eyball game career were those seven minutes in the third game of the final match at Brighton Volleyball Tournament. I had put my determination down to jubilate in my disappointment. Disappointment needs to build determination. I had decided a long time ago that there were certain things in life that I could do better than other people. Those were my gifts. I use my gifts to my full potential. The server on the other team erstwhile again threw the ball into the air. This time, my teammate sprawled for the ball, and made a perfect pass to me, allowing me to set the ball and have my co-captain smash it to the ground. I looked once again at the faces of my teammates. Things were different now. I knew at once that they knew what I knew. We were the winners of that game. We remembered that at that point, and were assured of it when the referee blew the final whistle after I served an ace on game point.

Canterbury Tales Morality Paper -- essays research papers

Eternal Bliss or Life Amiss?Analysis of Theme inChaucers The Canterbury Tales The Christian church has been a driving force in politics and morals for hundreds of years. In the medieval time period in Europe, the Church was particularly strong, a absolute majority of the European peoples and rulers were followers. The set of moral codes and virtues the Church sets forth dictates how from each one person should live. Provided that one follows these morals, the Church guarantees every follower a place in Heaven, a promised land for a soul after its bodys death. Although the Christian Church offers salvation to each of its followers, nevertheless, certain peoples desire for prompt pay leads them to sin because the idea of an immediate reward outweighs that of a reward promised by the Church for the afterlife. In The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the Pardoner, the Summoner, the Oxford Cleric, and the Friar seek immediate reward in cheating unsuspecting victims, in do ing as little of what displeases them as possible, and in seeking extravagant possessions and pleasures. Characters in The Canterbury Tales see opportunities for riches, however immoral, and in act them lose the Churchs promise of entrance into Heaven. The Pardoner and the Summoner in particular display a desire to cheat out anyone they can in order to further their own personal wealth. The Pardoner carries with him a pillow-case/Which he asserts isOur Ladys veil (Chaucer 712-713) and he is said to find Some slimy up-county parson to astound, (720) charging them to see and touch this false relic. Though he seems a virtuous and trustworthy man, the Pardoner is just a fourteenth century flimflam artist. His official job in the church is to sell ... ...eds of years and remains as such. When inducted to service with the Church, each of the characters the Pardoner, the Summoner, the Oxford Cleric, and the Friar, are given a place of paradise for their souls after death. As officials in such a highly respected institution, each is expected to maintain his responsibilities and behavior in a proper manner. aft(prenominal) seeing the opportunity for personal gain, however, each of the men ignores his job and does exactly what pleases him most. The choice of an immediate pleasure over an eternal pleasure is too great, and thus, each does things that they can not seem to help themselves from doing. These include accepting bribes and cheating unsuspecting holy men, sinful and wicked crimes. It is therefore evident that because each of the characters mentioned prefers his government agency to the Churchs, he sins and gives up his place in Heaven.

Comparing Relationships in Susan Minots Lust and Coraghessan Boyles C

Comparing Relationships in Susan Minots Lust and Coraghessan Boyles stolid Knowledge After the briskness of gentle, loving stops-Susan Minot This quote from Minot summarizes the love affairs in her dead story Lust and T. Coraghessan Boyles short story Carnal Knowledge. The protagonists in these stories go to great lengths to occupy their significant others hoping to find loving, fulfilling relationships. They make sacrifices and relinquish certain degrees of power to find happiness, only to discover that this happiness is temporary. Both authors use literary techniques to enhance these themes. The short stories Lust and Carnal Knowledge maintain that relationships that lack an honest, loving foundation and a lack of balance of power end abruptly and cause annoying and loneliness. The love the narrator hopes to find in Minots Lust continually eludes her. The story consists of a young female narrator recollecting her numerous sexual experiences with numerous partners. Her moti vating is not licentious, nor is she proud of her experiences, she is only struggling to find comfort and emotional fulfillment. Unfortunately, her experiences only take her further and further from the love and acceptance she yearns for. Sex initially makes the narrator feel loved, appreciated, and valued. She loved feeling safe, at rest, in a restful dream (258), as she would feel when he would first begin contemptible her with tender caresses. It becomes almost an addiction for her, a necessity for happiness. Ironically, it is an addiction that does not satisfy the need. Like a drug, sex brings the narrator a temporary mode of escape and a temporary high, yet after the the high is gone, she feels empty-bellied, alone, and ... ...d the last few paragraphs have no mention of Alena. This also helps to demonstrate how she flew in and out of Jims life. Her effect on him was very short-lived and impermanent, and he is able to return to his old way of life after she is gone. Both L ust and Carnal Knowledge examine very brief love affairs. The relationships depicted in each story lack a solid foundation, therefore they cannot last. Power imbalances constitute in these relationships that intensify the pain of the protagonists. Both characters initially derive great pleasure from the relationship only for it to slip away and leave them feeling empty and lonely because After the briskness of loving, loving stops. Works Cited Boyle, T. Coraghessan. Carnal Knowledge. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 242-255.

St. Louis Communities :: essays research papers

"Where do you live?" If you have ever met anyone in St. Louis, this is probably one of the first questions asked. Whether you ar from the city, county, north, south, east or west, most flock in St. Louis are convinced that they can identify you by what community you come from.The actual city of St. Louis is small into three main parts the North Side, South City and the Central West stopping point. The three realms combined have approximately eighty established neighborhoods. If you decide to add the western part of St. Louis County, this number is most likely to double.Many flying fields of the city were originally established by separate ethnic groups while most others were developed by social groups. You dont have to be a genius to realize the area known as "Dutchtown" was established by German immigrants. However, it may not be so easy to identify areas such as "Dogtown" or "The Hill" as the Irish and Italian areas of town. The Central West End is historically a very liberal yet sophisticated part of the city. This area can be further subdivided into a middle class and a very wealthy area depending on which side of Kingshighway you live on. University City was started mainly by Washington University students and is still predominantly populated by area college kids. This portion of the city has also grown a subdivision known as "The Loop." The Loop is extremely liberal and thought of by most people as almost mysterious or bizarre.A new phenomenon happening in our city is the rebirth of many of our older and rundown areas. One of the dress hat examples of this is the "Soulard" area of town, which now has an established nightlife as well as exquisite historical antique homes. Lafayette Square has also enjoyed the same type of success as Soulard. It is still in the middle of a high crime area, but is populated by upper-class people with beautiful homes with elaborate wrought crusade fences and intricate security systems. This trend of fixing up old flats is spreading out from the areas of Soulard and Lafayette Square to neighboring communities at a rapid pace. The Compton Heights area is coming back with rebuilt old Victorian styled houses and private gated streets that contrast the French styled flats of Soulard. The Shaw and Tower Grove area are also following the lead of resurgence similar to these charming old neighborhoods.

Essays --

Nurses eat their young. It is an aged saying in nursing which describes the hazing and lateral violence which frequently occurs in the workplace. The victims of this bullying be usually naked graduate nurses or nursing savants. New graduates start their careers at the bottom of the proverbial totem pole spending very much of their time stressful to learn the ropes and gaining experience as nurses. To the more experienced nurses they whitethorn appear to be easy targets with their deer in the headlights faces believing the newbies are too frightened to fight back. Certain nursing schools, which will remain anonymous, use similar boot camp- like mentality while training their student nurses. The students at these schools remain fearful of their nursing instructors at all times. This instinct is required to survive their harsh reality of nursing boot camp. These students remain restiff throughout their time in nursing school and this same shell-shocked behavior carries over to the early months or even years of their nursing careers. Nursing is supposed to be a field of compassion, the general belief cosmos that most nurses are compassionate, caring human beings. So why are new nurses being hazed instead of nurtured by more experienced nurses and nursing instructors? Does this hazing really exist? If so, why? Is there anything being done to stop this lateral violence subjected upon new graduates? Is there more that can be done to prevent future victimization of new graduate nurses?To investigate these questions a preliminary interview and brush up of several new graduate nurses, younger nurses with 2-8 years of experience, highly experienced nurses with 15 or more years of nursing experience, as well as nursing instructors and nursing precept... ...Most nurses chose the field because they are compassionate people and may need to remind themselves they were once new graduate nurses. Another remedy may call for older, savvier nurses, to stick up and defend t he new nurses who are being picked on. Even with all the efforts suggested, Nurses eating their young will take time to recover and future study of other possible remedies towards lateral violence will be required.Whether if it is due to stress, burnout, attempt to educate newer nurses, or someone just trying to build their own confidence these behaviors have existed for many years. It is an obvious problem with documented detrimental effects on young nurses. A true resolvent will only arise through continued education on the subject, greater enforcements, a little bit of self-reflection, and combined efforts from ALL medical module members and school staff.

Essays --

Nurses eat their young. It is an aged saying in treat which describes the hazing and lateral violence which frequently occurs in the workplace. The victims of this bullying be usually invigorated graduate nurses or nursing students. New graduates start their careers at the bottom of the proverbial totem pole spending much of their epoch trying to learn the ropes and gaining experience as nurses. To the more experienced nurses they may appear to be easy targets with their deer in the headlights faces believing the newbies are too fright to fight back. Certain nursing schools, which will lie anonymous, use similar boot camp- like mentality while training their student nurses. The students at these schools remain fearful of their nursing instructors at all times. This instinct is required to survive their harsh reality of nursing boot camp. These students remain fidgety throughout their time in nursing school and this same shell-shocked behavior carries over to the early months or even years of their nursing careers. Nursing is supposed to be a field of compassion, the general belief being that most nurses are compassionate, caring human beings. So why are new nurses being hazed instead of nurtured by more experienced nurses and nursing instructors? Does this hazing really exist? If so, why? Is there anything being done to stop this lateral violence subjected upon new graduates? Is there more that can be done to prevent future victimization of new graduate nurses?To investigate these questions a preliminary interview and survey of several new graduate nurses, younger nurses with 2-8 years of experience, highly experienced nurses with 15 or more years of nursing experience, as well as nursing instructors and nursing precept... ...Most nurses chose the field because they are compassionate people and may need to remind themselves they were once new graduate nurses. Another remedy may call for older, savvier nurses, to make up and defend the new nurses who a re being picked on. Even with all the efforts suggested, Nurses eating their young will take time to cure and future conduct of other possible remedies towards lateral violence will be required.Whether if it is due to stress, burnout, attempt to educate newer nurses, or someone just trying to build their possess confidence these behaviors have existed for many years. It is an obvious problem with documented detrimental effects on young nurses. A true solution will further arise through continued education on the subject, greater enforcements, a little bit of self-reflection, and combined efforts from ALL medical staff members and school staff.

Cometetive Advantage Delta Airlines Essay

Our assigned organization in Delta airline and two organization researched last paper were Alaska Airlines, Inc (ALK) and Southwest. A competitory advantage is an organization having an advantage over its competition which results in greater sales, margins, and retaining more customers. Competitive advantages can include anywhere from an organizations salute structure, their product and renovation to customer support. One of competitive advantage that delta has with other two airlines is their employees.Delta believes that their employees are taking the airlines where they only dreamed of through their hard work which is leading to a bright future which includes new ideas and opportunities. Delta provides their employees with training that consists of emergency equipment, aircraft familiarization, door and window operations equipment training for certain planes in order to run smooth operations. other competitive advantage Delta has kindred their competition is their mergers. Ju st like their competition Deltas merger put then over their competition.In 2008 delta merges with Northwest airlines. Delta benefited from this because in 2007 Southwest serves 101. 9 million passengers where Delta server 72. 9 but with the merger Delta and Northwest combined for over 126 million passengers. Delta has a competitive advantage like their competition because they own thirteen hubs. Delta operates over five thousand flights every day from these hubs. Delta manages the busiest hub at Harsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in terms of passenger and number of takeoffs and landings.In terms of innovation and sustainability one focus for delta should be the age of their planes. Alaska Airlines has next generation of 737s which help them save on operating cost through fuel. Another area where Delta can learn from competitor is in terms of training their employees. Southwest train their employees in a manner so that their planes spend less time in airports and more t ime in air. Southwest only pays their pilots and flight attendant for the time in the air in order to incentivize the crew to load the plain and get back in the air faster.

Lessons learnt from failure

Failure, it comes to everyone in different measures but only a handful of them gain from it. I in any case experienced a heart breaking failure which had a great impact on my life. At the age of seven I was introduced to cheating. Though I did non have any Inclination towards the game my parents wanting me to prevail occupied enrolled me in a chess academy where I learnt to play chess. I took to chess very quickly and surprisingly In a weeks time I started playing conk out than most of the guys my age. I started winning trophies and certificates and playing rafts of tournaments and inning most of them.I gained recognition and became famous In my town as a chess champion. I even won the state level stand-in which proved I was better than geesands of players In my state. All this at the mold age of ten made me an positivistic boy with a greater than thou attitude However as a child I did not realize the amount of hard work and practice that I would have to amaze In to reach the national levels. I started taking things for granted, those early wins had gone to my head and though my parents encouraged me to practice I was reluctant as thither was to much challenge for me in my small town.Hence I started playing chess on the computer and soon I reached the level with the highest difficulty, but very soon I got bored of it. The happiness that I would get from defeating a real person eluded me when played in front of a machine, which resulted in me getting magnanimous in practicing chess, failing to realize that without practice I would never reach my goal of becoming a national champion. My parents persuaded me a lot but I was stubborn and did not realize that I would soon lose the mastery I developed with so much effort.Though I had stopped playing chess I never at sea my overconfident attitude. Ultimately the time came for me to play the qualifying rounds for the national level tournament, as expected I went there overconfident of victory and played s uch an important tournament without any practice. The results were obvious, I was defeated in the very first round and at that moment I experienced the worst failure in my life. At that time I realized my game had degraded and my skills as a chess player had deteriorated.I lost my confidence and became utterly dejected and devastated and eve up on chess. This was the biggest mistake of my life as I let depression get the better of me. I was deeply hurt and ashamed and withdrew into my shell for quite some time. After a couple of years one of my female competitor went on to kick the bucket a grand master in chess , lots was being pen about her In the news papers along with displays of photographs, making me heart all the more ashamed of myself. That s when learnt the most valuable lessons which will stay with me for the rest of my life.First one was that never ever give up on your dream come what may, In other words resistance Is rife and second one was that nothing can be gained without hard work. Now as my academics also require attention I have resumed playing chess just as my hobby, at the same time I have hard immovable to give my best to whatever I decide to do in life and steer the ship of my life to the shores of success. I am a totally different person after tasting failure and I feel I am more mature and more committed as an individual and am sure that I will bring value as a person to which ever institution I get entryway to. Seasons learnt from failure By Garn-Ideas inclination towards the game my parents wanting me to stay occupied enrolled me in surprisingly in a weeks time I started playing better than most of the guys my age. I winning most of them. I gained recognition and became famous in my town as a than thousands of players in my state. All this at the tender age often made me an overconfident boy with a greater than thou attitude . However as a child I did not realize the amount of hard work and practice that I would have to put in t o reach the when I played in front of a machine, which resulted in me getting disinterested inUltimately the time came for me to play the qualifying rounds for the national level grand master in chess , lots was being written about her in the news papers along with displays of photographs, making me feel all the more ashamed of myself. Thats when I learnt the most valuable lessons which will stay with me for the rest of my life. First one was that never ever give up on your dream come what may, in other words persistence is paramount and second one was that nothing can be gained without chess Just as my hobby, at the same time I have firmly resolved to give my best to

Moringa Oleifera Research

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Chicken and Poultry Raising in the Philippines Among the poultry species utilized for f be growthion in the whole world, the clear-livered ranks as the most exploited fowl species. In fact, in the Philippines, chicken is firstborn in economic importance as source of meats and eggs making chicken br oiler and egg production as the most progressive animal endeavour in the country. Owing to this fact, this industry has been considerable attention in scientific researches and experimentation. campaigning practices is a vital factor in chicken growth and development, and as such, nutrition is the primary activity in this industry. As chicken ages, their nutritional need changes thus fluxing begins at Day 2 post hatching and continues in different amounts and kind of chicken feeds until the chickens be ready for harvest and/or egg laying at Day 45. Chicken feeds include different kinds such as chick crumbs, grower pellets, layer pell ets and breeder pellets. Of different composition, these chicken feeds be construct according to the needs of a rapidly growing chicken.With plentiful amounts of chicken feeds and water, proper nutrition for broiler chickens is ensured. Feed gears are also employed to augment nutrition and offer treatment to a pickle of chickens. These supplements include grains, fruits and vegetables, grit, garner shells, and even garlic. In fact, a number of foreign poultry farms utilize garlic to boost a flocks immune system by putting one or two garlic cloves, unpeeled, uncrushed into the water and leaving it in that location until they start to sprout. Feed manufacturers and farmers alike always try to enhance their flocks health by utilizing proper feeds and supplements. jackstones, Malunggay and Mongo Beans Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of nutrition and are natural energy boosters. These are compressed with nutrients, vitamins, minerals and amino acids for a equilibrise luggage compartment growth and nutrition. Since time immemorial, these have been a ready health resource for humankind as both food stock and feed for their livestock. Jackfruit (Artocarpusheterophyllus or A. heteropylla) is a species of tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), which is native to parts of Southern and Southeast Asia.It is believed indigenous to the rain forests of the Western Ghats of India. It is well suited to wet tropical lowlands and near tropical climates. Its fruit is the openhandedst tree-borne fruit in the world, reaching 80 pounds (36 kg) in angle and up to 36 inches (90 cm) long and 20 inches (50 cm) in diameter. The pulp of the ripe tar may be eaten fresh or incorporated into fruit salad. The comes, which appeal to all tastes, are eaten when boiled or roasted. The manikin of the diddly-squat is starchy, fibrous and is a source of dietary fiber.The flavor is similar to a tart banana. Varieties of diddly-squat are distinguished according to the cha racteristics of the fruits flesh. In Brazil, trey varieties are recognized. These are jaca-dura, or hard variety, which has firm flesh and the largest fruits that asshole weigh between 15 to 40 kilograms each jaca-mole, or soft variety, which bears smaller fruits, with softer and sweeter flesh and jaca-manteiga, or solely ifter variety, which bears sweet fruits, whose flesh has a consistency intermediate between the hard and soft varieties.Moringa(Moringa oelifera), the English name, which is called Malunggay in the Philippines and Sajina in Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia is a wonderful herb known all over the world. It is best known as an excellent source of nutrition and a natural energy booster. Malunggay leaves was once considered a poor mans vegetables but now it is known as a miracle tree or natures medicine cabinet by scientists and health care workers from around the world beca commit it is loaded with vitamins and minerals that can be an effective remedy agains t many kinds of ailments.Other health benefits identified by people who exercise Moringa continue this same pattern immune system strengthened, skin condition restored, blood pressure controlled, headaches and migraines handled, diabetes sugar level managed, inflammations and arthritis pains reduced, tumors restricted and ulcers healed. As loaded with nutrients, each ounce of Moringa collars seven time the Vitamin C found in oranges, four times the Vitamin A of carrots, three times the iron of spinach, four times as much calcium as milk and three times the potassium of bananas.Mung bonces are normally apply in Chinese cuisine, where they are called ludou (literally reverse lightning bean), as well as in Burma (where it is called penauk or peti), Thailand, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Southeast Asia. In Vietnam, they are called d? uxanh (again, literally green bean). In Indonesia, they are called kacanghijau or katjangidju, and are generally eaten either whole (with or without skins) or as bean sprouts, or used to make the dessert green bean soup.The starch of mung beans is also extracted from them to make jellies and transparent or cellophane noodles. Mung beans are light yellow in vividness when their skins are removed. They can be do into mung bean paste by dehulling, cooking, and pulverizing the beans to a dry paste. In Hong Kong, dehulled mung beans and mung bean paste are made into ice cream or frozen ice pops. Mung bean paste is used as a common filling for Chinese dream cakes in East China and Taiwan. Also in China, the boiled and shelled beans are used as filling in glutinous rice dumplings eaten during the tophus boat festival.Aside from culinary purposes and providing health benefit to the people, these plants can also be utilized for other essential purposes, i. e. as feed supplements for poultry raising, especially in the present that clamour for organic farm-raised livestock and foodstock is rising. Consequ ently, the researchers believe that the jak seminal fluid dredge mixed with alter malunggay leaves and monggo beans pass on provide additional nutritional make to mercenary message feeds if used as a feed supplement.This study is focused on determining the effect of the mariner seed flour mixed with dehydrated malunggay leaves and monggo beans as feed supplement to commercial message chick feeds. The researchers aim to provide additional effective and cost efficient alternatives and supplements to chick feeds to help a really important economic industry in our country. Statement of the Problem This research study aims to determine the effect of the jackfruit seeds flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans as supplement to commercial chick feeds.Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions 1. Is the jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans an effective supplement to commercial chick feeds? 2. What benefits do chicks get from the jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans as a feed supplement to commercial chick feeds? 3. Is there significant fight between the commercial feeds and the commercial feeds supplemented with jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans?Significance of the Study The outcome of this study leave behind be significant to the following group of persons General Public. This study leave alone provide the public added assurance of the good quality of feeds and feed supplements that poultry product in the market consumes. Community Leaders. This study will allow the community leaders to start programs that will spread the effectiveness of jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans as effective chicken feed supplements for the awareness of the public.Students, Instructors, and Researchers. This study will benefit them the knowledge, skills and information necessary for disseminatio n of the jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans as chicken feed supplements and the associated facts about the intertwined discipline of science and agriculture. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The research study was conducted from June 2010 to manifest 2011 in the Nabua National High School under the supervision of Ms. Neraldin Adela M. Deris, the research teacher.The research study was focused on testing the effect on broiler chicks provide with commercial chick feeds supplemented with flour mixture made from jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans compared with chicks ply with commercial chick feeds only. It was delimited on determining the effect of jackfruit seeds mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans as a supplement to commercial chick feeds. Definition of Terms In the context of the study, the following terms were operationally and conceptually defined to give substantial meaning and for easy arrangement. E ffect refers to something produced by an action or cause.It is that which it is produced, usually more or less immediately and directly. commercial message chicken feeds are construct dry quell for poultry. Control group refers to the group of chicks used as test subject that were fed with commercial chicken feed only. Experimental group refers to the group of chicks used as test subject that were fed with the commercial chicken feeds supplemented with jackfruit flour mixed with malunggay and monggo beans. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter will introduce the review of related literature, and conceptual frameworks of the study.The review of related literature will provide clear understanding regarding the variables being studied from other published information the review of related studies will enumerate the similarities of variables of the present study from other studies the conceptual framework will present the correlation of variables and its di agrammatic representation of the variables of the thesis. These elements that were enumerated above will serve as the building block and will give great help to sustainment and understand more the background of this study.Early men and early researchers both foreign and local were able to recognize the therapeutic actions and properties of certain plants and started gathering, collecting and after(prenominal)wards reproducing those plants in mass for future intentions. Some plants have recently attracted the attention of modern science because of their potential medicinal effect and benefits to human beings. At present, there are now large quantities of works, articles, books and readings published and compiled in bookstores, libraries and nowadays can be easily found and are widely spread on the internet.These articles contained information and descriptions of the use of lots of identified and acknowledged useful plants in our ecosystem. Jackfuit, malunggay and monggo beans belon g to these known useful plants since it has many identified nutrients and effective therapeutic actions to human beings. Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) It is commonly used as a cuisine in Southeast Asian and South Asian countries. In South India, the jackfruit is a popular food ranking after mango and banana. They are large trees often reaching 60 feet (20 m) in nature. It is a native to to the south western of India, Philippines, Sri Lanka and east of Malaysia.It is believed that jackfruits origin to the rainforests of the Western Ghat of India. It was introduced to into northern Brazil in the mid of 19th and became very popular there. The jackfruit tree is believed to be indigenous to the south western rain forests of India. It is widely cultivated in the tropical regions of Indian subcontinent, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brazil for its fruit, seeds and wood. The tree grows best under tropical humid and rainy regions but rarely survives c onetime(a) and frosty condit ions, grows to as high as 30 meters, higher than the mango tree.During the season, each tree bears as many as 250 large fruits, supposed to be thelargest tree-borne fruit in the world. The fruit varies widely in size, weigh from 3 to 30 kg and has oblong or round set measuring 10 cm to 60 cm in length, 25 to 75 cm in diameter. The unripe fruits are green in color when ripen, might turn to light brown color and gives pungent smell. Likedurian fruit, its outer surface is covered with blunt thorn like projections which pose soft in ripened fruit. The interior consists of orange-yellow colored edible bulbs.Each bulb consists of sweet flavored sheaths that enclose a smooth, oval, light-brown color seed. Jack fruit seed is 2 to 4 cm long and 1 to 3 cm thick and is white and crisp within. There may be as many as one hundred to 500 edible bulbs embedded in a single fruit interspersed between thin bands of fibers. Almost all the parts of the tree gives white sticky latex like juice when i njured. The fruit is made of soft, easily digestible flesh (bulbs) with simple sugars like fructose and sucrose that wheneaten replenishes energy and revitalizes the body instantly.Jack-fruit is rich in dietary fiber, which makes it a good bulk laxative. Mung Bean Also known as green bean, choroko (in Swahili), mung, mongo, moong, moog (whole) or moog dal (split) (in Bengali, Marathi), dally bean, munggo or monggo, green gram, golden gram, and green soy, is the seed of Vigna radiate which is native toBangladesh,India, and Pakistan. The split bean is known aspesara(Telugu), which is green with the husk, and yellow when dehusked. The beans are small, ovoid in shape, and green in color. The English word mung derives from the Hindimung.The mung bean is one of many species recently moved from thegenusgenus PhaseolustoVigna, and is still often seen cited as Phaseolusaureus or Phaseolusradiates. Moringa Oleifera Commonly referred to as Shojne inBengali, Munagakaya inTelugu, Shevaga inMara thi& Nuggekai in Kannada, Moringa(fromTamilMurungai,MalayalamMashingasanga,KonkaniMuringa), is the most widely cultivated species of the genusMoringa, which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. It is an exceptionally nutritious vegetable tree witha variety of potential uses.The tree itself is rather slender, with drooping branchesthat grow to approximately 10 m in height. In cultivation, it is often cut back annually to 1 meter or less and allowed to regrow so that pods and leaves remain within arms reach. The gulliblegreen pods called drumstick are probably the most valued and widely used part of the tree. They are commonly consumed in India and are generally prepared in a similar fashion togreen beansand have a slightasparagustaste. The seeds are sometimes removed from more mature pods and eaten likepeasor roasted likenuts.The leaves are highlynutritious, being a significant source ofbeta-carotene,Vitamin C,protein,iron, andpotassium. 5The leaves are cooked and used likesp inach. In addition to being used fresh as a substitute for spinach, its leaves are commonly dried and crushed into a pulverise, and used in soups and sauces. Murungakai, as it is locally known in Tamil NaduandKerala, is used inSiddha medicine. The tree is a goodsource for calcium orus. In Siddha medicines, these drumstick seeds are used as a sexualvirilitydrug for treatingerectile dysfunction in men and also in women for prolonging sexual activity.Moringa leaves and pods are helpful in increasing breast milk in the breast sustenance months. One tablespoon of flick powder provides 14% of the protein, 40% of the calcium, 23% of the iron and most of the vitamin A needs of a child aged one to three. Six tablespoons of leaf powder will provide nearly all of the womans daily iron and calcium needs during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The Moringa seeds yield 3840%edible oil(calledben oilfrom the high concentration of behenic acid contained in the oil). Therefined oilis clear, odorless, an d resistsrancidityat least as well as any other botanical oil.The seed cake remaining after oil extraction may be used as afertilizeror as a befuddled to purify water. The bark,sap, roots, leaves, seeds, oil, and flowers are used intraditional medicinein several countries. In Jamaica, the sap is used for a bluedye. Chicken Feeds Feed comes in three formscrumbles, pellets, andmash. Research has shown that chickens grow and lay better on crumbles (commonly used for finisher rations and some adult feeds). Pellets (usually used for adult birds) are the second-best, whereas mash is the least-preferred although the most common for methamphetamine hydrochloride motor rations. Starter rations for chicksThe ration forlayer-breed chicks, usually called starter rations, should be 20 percent protein. From the time they start eating, meat chicks need a high protein feed of about 22 to 24 percent protein for the first six weeks. Its called meat bird starter or broiler starter. Cornish X Rock crosses (Broiler chickens) grow extremely quickly and require precise diets. later on the first six weeks, the protein percentage for these birds can be lowered to 18 to 20 percent until theyre butchered. Meat bird or broiler grower-finisher is generally a label aimed at meat birds in their last weeks.Grower and finisher rations shouldnt contain antibiotics because these can be carried into the meat. Synthesis of the State-of-the-art The current study The Effect of jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and mongo beans as chicken feed supplement has similarities in some aspects to the previous studies carried out by other health and agricultural researchers. For example, the seed of the jackfruit as alternative flour, the process or method of preparation used and the objective of the researcher why it was the chosen topic to be studied. The present study was similar to the previous research by T.Papazyan and P. Surai who studied the effects of Selenium feed suppleme ntation on chick growth and development. The study mentioned evaluated the effects of Selenium supplementation on growing chicks. The difference of the present study to the previously mentioned study is that the present study will emphasize on jackfruit, malunggay and monggo bean flour mix as feed supplement on commercial feeds and its effects be studied upon based on the chicks angle changes. Conceptual Framework Assumptions of the Study The study will be conducted in the following assumptions that 1.The jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans is effective as a commercial chicken feed supplement. 2. The jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans would help the chicken and poultry raisers consider a healthier and organic feed supplement to commercially manufactured ones. Null Hypothesis (H0) There is no significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial chick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds only.Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) There is significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial chick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds only. Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Method The study made use of the experimental method to valuate the effectiveness of jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans. The experimental method comprised the systematic procedure that was used in the course of the present study.Preparation of the Jackfruit, Malunggay and Mongo Beans flour Mixture Preparation of the individual ingredient of the flour mixture is first done separately. The jackfruit seeds were first boiled to easily remove the seed coat. later removing the seed coat, the seeds were ground into a pulp, sieved, and oven baked until it was ready to be grounded into flour like consistency. The malunggay leaves on the other hand were sun-dried first until it was ready to be finely grounded and sieved. The monggo beans underwent the same procedure as the jackfruit seeds. When all the three components were ready they were evenly mixed.Preparation of Flour The Experimental Set-up Two groups of two day old broiler chicks of almost equal weight made up of 15 chicks each were used. The control group were fed with commercial chick feeds, specifically chick starter feeds, without the flour mixture supplement. The experimental group were fed with chick starter feeds with the flour mixture supplement. Each group were fed ad libitum (ie, spontaneously, without any frozen hours or times in a day) for 10 days (from day 3 to day 13 post hatching). Each chick were weighed before the battery of feeding began each day from Day 1 to Day 10.Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1. 1. The Experimental Group. Mass (g) of chicks fed with commercial chick starter feeds with jackfruit, malunggay and monggo beans flour mixture supplement Chick Mass in grams (g) Before Treatment(Day 1) After Treatment(Day 10) departure (D) D2 1 84 97 13 169 2 84 97 13 169 3 84 96 12 gross 4 84 98 14 196 5 84 96 12 144 6 84 97 13 169 7 84 97. 5 13. 5 182. 25 8 84 96 12 144 9 84 97 13 169 10 84 98 14 196 11 84 97 13 169 12 84 97. 5 13. 5 182. 25 13 84 97 13 169 4 84 98 14 196 15 84 97. 8 13. 8 190. 44 ?D= 196. 8 ? D2= 2588. 94 Table 1. 2. The Control Group. Mass (g) of chicks fed with commercial chick starter feeds without supplements Chick Mass in grams (g) Before Treatment(Day 1) After Treatment(Day 10) Deviation (D) D2 1 84 92 8 64 2 84 92 8 64 3 84 93. 5 9. 5 90. 25 4 84 92. 5 8. 5 72. 25 5 84 93 9 81 6 84 93 9 81 7 84 93 9 81 8 84 92. 5 8. 5 72. 25 9 84 93 9 81 10 84 93 9 81 11 84 93. 2 9. 2 84. 64 12 84 92. 5 8. 5 72. 25 13 84 93 9 81 4 84 94 10 100 15 84 93 9 81 ?D= 133. 2 ? D2= 1186. 64 Table 1. 3. T-test for two independe nt samples TREATMENT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Experimental Group 13 13 12 14 12 13 13. 5 12 13 14 13 13. 5 13 14 13. 8 Control Group 8 8 9. 5 8. 5 9 9 9 8. 5 9 9 9. 2 8. 5 9 10 9 Table 1. 4. X1 X12 X2 X22 13 169 8 64 13 169 8 64 12 144 9. 5 96. 25 14 196 8. 5 72. 25 12 144 9 81 13 169 9 81 13. 5 182. 25 9 81 12 144 8. 5 72. 25 13 169 9 81 14 196 9 81 13 169 9. 2 84. 64 3. 5 182. 25 8. 5 72. 25 13 169 9 81 14 196 10 100 13. 8 190. 44 9 81 ?X1=196. 8 ? X12=2588. 94 ? X2=133. 8 ? X22=1186. 64 The statistical tool used in the research study was the t-test. The energy hypothesis (H0) is that there is no significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial chick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds only. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is there is significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial hick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds only. The result from the statistical treatment is the calculated t is larger than the t captious so the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha)is assented. It is found that the flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans is effective as a feed supplement to commercially manufactured chick starter feeds. Findings The following findings were drawn from the research. 1.That there is significant difference between the weights of the chicks of the experimental and control group before and after feeding. The chicks of the experimental group, that is, those fed with chicken starter feeds with the jackfruit, malunggay and monggo beans flour mixture were found to be heavier than those of the control group. 2. The alternative hypothesis is accepted that there is significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial ch ick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds only.Conclusion With the context of the findings of this study, the researchers conclude that the jackfruit seed flour mixed with dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans is an effective chicken feed supplement. Recommendation Based on the findings and conclusions, it is recommended that the future researchers should add new ideas that would enhance the effectiveness of the product. References/ Bibliography Internet References http//www. malunggay. com/description. htm http//www. philippineherbalmedicine. org/malunggay. htm http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/mungbean http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/jackfruitflour http//hubpages. com/hub/Health-Benefits-of-Malunggay-Leaves http//www. dummies. com/how-to/ limit/how-to-buy-healthy-chicks-for-raising-chickens. html http//professorchicken. webs. com/timelineofachicken. htm http//professorchicken. webs. com/feeding. htm http//www. bar. gov. ph/agfishtech/livestock/chickenproduction. aspintro http//journals. cambridge. org/action/displayAbstract? fromPage=online&aid=4822704 http//www. cabi. org/animalscience/Uploads/File/AnimalScience/additionalFiles/WPSAStrasbourgAug2007/109. pdfBibliography Ahmed, K. , M. Malek, K. Jahan and K. Salamatullah 1986. Nutritive value of Food Stuff 3rd edn Institute of comestible and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh,pp 16-17. Burkill, H. M. , 1997. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 4, 2ndEdn. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp 160-161. Hossain, M. K. , M. AzizurRahman, A. K. M. MatiorRahman and A. JabbarMian, 1990. Some low molecular weight compounds isolated and characterized from jackfruit ( Artocarpusheterophyllus). J. Bang. Acad. Sci. , 14 49-56. M. O. Smith and R. G. toddle (1993).Effects of feed intake and environmental temperature on chick growth and development. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 121, pp 421-425 Rahman, A. K. M. M. ,E. Huq, A. J. Mian and A. Chesson, 1995. Microscopic and chemical changes occurring during the ripening of two forms of jackfruit (Artocarpusheterophyllus L). Food Chem. , 65 91-97. Selvaraj, Y. and D. K. Pal,1989. Biochemical changes during ripening of jackfruit (Artocarpusheterophyllus L). J. Food Sci. Tec. , 26304-307. Appendices Jackfruit Seeds Malunggay Leaves Monggo Seeds E X P E R I M E N T A L C O N T R O L The ExperimentControl Setup Chick Mass of the chicks in grams (g) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 84 86 86. 5 87 87. 5 88 88. 5 89 90 92 2 84 85 85. 5 86 86. 5 87 88 89. 5 90 92 3 84 85 86 86. 5 87 87. 5 88 89 91 93. 5 4 84 85 85. 8 86. 3 87. 5 88 88. 5 89. 3 90 92. 5 5 84 85 85. 8 86 87 88 89 90 91 93 6 84 85 85 86 87. 5 88. 5 89 90. 3 91 93 7 84 86 86. 5 87 87. 5 88 89 90 91 93 8 84 85. 5 86 86. 5 87 88 88. 5 89. 8 90. 5 92. 5 9 84 84. 5 85. 5 86 87 88. 3 89 90 91 93 10 84 85 86 86. 87 87. 5 88 89. 5 90. 3 93 11 84 85 86 86. 5 87. 5 88 89 90 91 93. 5 12 84 86 85 87 87. 3 88 89 90. 5 91 92. 5 13 84 86 86 86 87. 5 88. 3 89 90 91. 3 93 14 84 85 85. 5 85. 5 86 87 89 90 91. 5 94 15 84 85. 5 86 86 86. 5 87 88 89. 3 90 93 Experimental Setup Chick Mass of the chicks in grams (g) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 84 86 88 89 90. 1 91 93 93. 8 94. 5 96. 5 2 84 86 87 88 89. 5 90. 5 92 92. 5 93 97 3 84 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 96 4 84 86 87. 5 89 90 91. 5 92. 93 95 97. 5 5 84 86 88 90 92 92 93 93. 5 94 96 6 84 86. 5 87. 5 88. 5 89 90 91 92 94. 5 96. 5 7 84 86 88 89 90 91 92 93 95 97. 5 8 84 87 88 88. 8 90. 5 91 92 93 95 96 9 84 86 86. 5 88 90 91. 5 93 94 96 97. 5 10 84 85 86 87. 5 89 90 91. 5 92 95 96 11 84 87 88 89 90 91 90 93 94. 5 97 12 84 86. 5 87 88 89. 5 90 91 92. 5 94 97. 5 13 84 86 87 88. 5 89. 5 90. 5 90. 5 92 95 97 14 84 86 86. 8 88 90 90 90 92 94 96 15 84 86 88 89 90 91 91 93 94. 5 97. 8 Control GroupChick Mass in grams (g) Before Treatment After Treatment Deviation (D) D2 1 84 92 8 64 2 84 92 8 64 3 84 93. 5 9. 5 90. 25 4 84 92. 5 8. 5 72. 25 5 84 93 9 81 6 84 93 9 81 7 84 93 9 81 8 84 92. 5 8. 5 72. 25 9 84 93 9 81 10 84 93 9 81 11 84 93. 2 9. 2 84. 64 12 84 92. 5 8. 5 72. 25 13 84 93 9 81 14 84 94 10 100 15 84 93 9 81 ?D= 133. 2 ? D2= 1186. 64 Experimental Group Chick Mass in grams (g) Before Treatment After Treatment Deviation (D) D2 1 84 97 13 169 2 84 97 13 169 84 96 12 144 4 84 98 14 196 5 84 96 12 144 6 84 97 13 169 7 84 97. 5 13. 5 182. 25 8 84 96 12 144 9 84 97 13 169 10 84 98 14 196 11 84 97 13 169 12 84 97. 5 13. 5 182. 25 13 84 97 13 169 14 84 98 14 196 15 84 97. 8 13. 8 190. 44 ?D= 196. 8 ? D2= 2588. 94 Computation H0 = There is no significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial chick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay leaves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds only.Ha = There is significant difference in weight of chicks fed with commercial chick feeds supplemented with flour mixture of jackfruit seed, dried malunggay le aves and monggo beans and the weight of chicks fed with commercial feeds onlyThere is significant difference between the mass of chicks before and after feeding of the prepared flour mixture. Control group a. ?d2 = ? d2 (? D)2N = 1186. 64 (133. 2)215 = 1186. 64 (17742. 24)15 = 1186. 64 1182. 816 = 3. 824 b. SD = ? d2N( N-1) = 3. 82415(14) = 3. 284210 = 0. 0182095 SD = 0. 1349 c. D = ? DN = 133. 215 = 8. 88 d. t = DSD = 8. 880. 349 = 65. 8265 df = 5 ? 0. 05 t critical = t0. 05 = 2. 571 Since the computed/calculated t is larger than the t critical (tcalculated tcritical), reject H0 and accept Ha. Decision There is significant difference between the mass of chicks before and after feeding of the commercial starter chicks feeds supplemented with the prepared flour mixture Experimental group a. ?d2 = ? d2 (? D)2N =2588. 94 (196. 8)215 =2588. 94 38730. 2415 =2588. 94 2582. 016 = 6. 924 b. SD = ? d2N( N-1) = 6. 92415(14) = 6. 924210 = 0. 0329714 SD = 0. 1816 c. D = ? DN = 196. 815 = 13. 12 d. t = DSD = 13. 20. 1816 = 72. 2467 df = 5 ? 0. 05 t critical = t0. 05 = 2. 571 Since the computed/calculated t is larger than the t critical (tcalculated tcritical), reject H0 and accept Ha. Decision There is significant difference between the mass of chicks before and after feeding of commercial chicken starter feeds supplemented with the prepared flour mixture. T-test for two independent samples TREATMENT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Prepared flour mixture 13 13 12 14 12 13 13. 5 12 13 14 13 13. 5 13 14 13. 8 Chicken feeds 8 8 9. 5 8. 5 9 9 9 8. 9 9 9. 2 8. 5 9 10 9 X1 X12 X2 X22 13 169 8 64 13 169 8 64 12 144 9. 5 96. 25 14 196 8. 5 72. 25 12 144 9 81 13 169 9 81 13. 5 182. 25 9 81 12 144 8. 5 72. 25 13 169 9 81 14 196 9 81 13 169 9. 2 84. 64 13. 5 182. 25 8. 5 72. 25 13 169 9 81 14 196 10 100 13. 8 190. 44 9 81 ?X1=196. 8 ? X12=2588. 94 ? X2=133. 8 ? X22=1186. 64 x1 = ? X1N1 = 196. 815 = 13. 12 x2 = ? X2N2 = 133. 815 = 8. 92 Sx1-x2 = ? X12- ? X1? N1 + ? X 22- ? X2? N2 N1+N2-21N1+1N2 =2588. 94- 196. 8? 15+ 1186. 64- 133. 8? 15 15+15-2 one hundred fifteen+115 =2588. 94- 38730. 415+ 1186. 64- 17902. 4415 15+15-2115+115 =2588. 94-2582. 016+1186. 64-1193. 496 15+15-2115+115 =6. 924+-6. 85628115+115 =0. 06828115+115 =0. 002429+215 =0. 002429+0. 1333 = 0. 135729 = 0. 3684 Since SC=x? -x? Sx1-x2 =13. 12-8. 920. 3684 =4. 20. 3684 = 11. 4007 tcritical = 2. 571 tcalculated = 11. 4007 Since the computed/calculated t is larger than the t critical (tcalculated tcritical), reject H0 and accept Ha. Decision There is significant difference between the mass of chicks before and after feeding of the commercial chick starter feeds supplemented with the prepasred flour mixture.

Characteristics of Successful College Students Essay

Health Psychology is a specialty that foc single-valued functions on how different biological, mental, kind and behavioral factors influence the recovery of ones health and illnesses. The committee has set forrard five specialists to collaborate on the study of the illness and to send specialized intercession in each atomic number 18a of recovery while dealing with much(prenominal) situations. (Cherry, 2000, p. 1) Each case is a specialized issue requiring management of each of the five different areas of Psychology input and or treatment. The five areas include a Psychologist that entrust work on specific issues that pertain to their area of study and or profession.The five Psychologist get out include a Substance abuse counsel In forbearing-only Psychologist Child Psychologist Adult Psychologist and finally a reformation Psychologist to focus on the after care portion of the recovery process. In the essence abuse counselling role, the abuse counselor will collaborate and coordinate the use of recovery programs and structured programs for substance abuse in conjunction with a social thespian to aid in the pass judgmentment and to rear a invention of recovery for our patients.In this area the psychologist will clarify the frequency and duration of substance use if some(prenominal) and confirm the substance abuse pattern of the patient. The substance abuse counselor will also determine the severity of substance related problems in the last 12 months. The counselor will then determine if there was ever any substance abuse treatment history and review any medications and aesculapian conditions of the patients.Once this process is peg the substance abuse counselor will do an in depth assessment, complete a family interview and confound specialized treatment diagnosis, followed by continued therapy to prevent relapse of substance abuse. The substance abuse counselor will then forward necessary info about the patient to the Inpatient-only Psych ologist. The Inpatient-only Psychologist will then Diagnose stress disorders and aid in stress-relief interventions, and utilize various methods to facilitate adjustment and coping skills with patients suffering a continuing or terminal illness.The yard bird-only psychologist will also contribute to improving in patient health by financial aiding the patient and his or her families attain coping methods to deal with their illness. Providing specific inpatient therapies and services to the patients admitted to the hospital is a necessary portion of the recovery process for the patients. Many patients have been admitted into the hospital because they escape certain self-help skills and will to kick their habit. Being an inpatient will also help the individual and their family members by giving family therapy sessions and individual therapy sessions to the patients.Once the sessions are complete the individual will be referred to specific support groups if they choose to participa te in this portion of the treatment process. In addition, the role of the inpatient-only psychologist will also give support to the improvement and the maintenance of the patients recovery by helping the patients adjust to their illness and help them learn to maintain their usual lifestyle. The Inpatient-only Psychologist will then forward necessary document to continue treatment with a Child Psychologist for peasant patients, and an Adult Psychologist for adult patients.The Child Psychologist will provide psychological cooking methods for children prior to medical procedures, and Collaborate with local schools. The child psychologist will also give insight to children and families on how to lift for hospitalization if demand. The need for such preparation is a prediction on the belief that hospitalizations and surgery are traumatic, anxiety-producing experiences for children and their families, which can lead to long-term psychological disturbances. (Journal of Pediatric Psych ology, 1976, p.226-30)Various methods will be used to provide the child and his or her family with information about the hospital and the procedure or operation. If needed a harbour or social worker will be provided to visit the child at home before he or she comes to the hospital. The nurse will be able to answer and questions the child and his or her family may have about the hospital and the procedure that will follow. If necessary the nurse and or child psychologist will provide a pamphlet explaining the forth-coming hospitalization and surgery, which they can read to the child before he or she comes to the hospital.Lastly if necessary the child psychologist can set up visits for the child to be able to visit the hospital prior to admission to become familiar with the setting and the hospital staff to get another form of comfort. Pharmaceutical treatment methods are going to be necessary in this case. Pharmaceutical treatment methods will provide the child with things such as antidepressants, muscle relaxes and anti-inflammatory medications to help control some of the symptoms they are experiencing after surgery is complete.Behavioral and cognitive treatment methods are also necessary to give the child other elections than drugs to treat some of the mental issues in dealing with life after surgery. The patient may need to consult with a psychologist and other health care victor to deal with chronic symptoms. In looking for at treatment methods to cope with pain its good that there are more(prenominal) than one treatment option available. Depending on the pain and the severity of the pain, more than one treatment method may be necessary An Adult Psychologist will provide psychological preparation methods for adults prior to medical procedures and surgery.Various methods will be used to provide the child and his or her family with information about the hospital and the procedure or operation. If needed a nurse or social worker will be provided to vis it the child at home before he or she comes to the hospital. The nurse will be able to answer and questions the child and his or her family may have about the hospital and the procedure that will follow. Pharmaceutical treatment methods are going to be necessary in this case as well.Pharmaceutical treatment methods will provide the patient with things such as antidepressants, muscle relaxes and anti-inflammatory medications to help control some of the symptoms they are experiencing after surgery is complete. The Adult Psychologist will help the patient cope to adjustments needed to deal with a chronic or terminal illness. The Adult Psychologist will also help the adult improve adherence to medical regimens. Using such behavioral methods such as tailoring the regimen to make it as compatible with the patients habits and rewarding him or her for following the given regimen can and will help to improve patient compliance.The adult psychologist will also work with the adult patient to f ocus on ensureing how they will react to, cope with and recover from their illness. In looking at treatment methods to cope with pain its good that there are more than one treatment option available. Depending on the pain and the severity of the pain, more than one treatment method may be necessary. functional treatment options in my opinion are the option that should be chosen should all else fail. Surgical treatment options will require more extensive after care procedures and needs. This is where the final psychologist comes into play.The final Psychologist that I choose will be a Rehabilitation Psychologist. The Rehabilitation Psychologist will work with the child or adult to get a comprehensive evaluation to assist the refilling team up with meeting the patients needs. The rehabilitation psychologist will build a team to assist the patient with cognitive, behavioral, physical, emotional, social and other needs after being released from the hospital. The rehabilitation psych ologist will contribute in improvement in overall patient health by helping the patient relate better with their world.The rehabilitation process will be an ongoing process in which the patient will interact with the rehabilitation team to develop a plan for full recovery whether physical, mental, emotional or social therapy is the key aspect. Each of the five psychologists will work together to ensure that the proper care and after care procedures are met for each patient during their inpatient stay at the facility. The psychologist will work together to improve patient stays at the facility and make sure that no page is left hand unturned, to also ensure one hundred percent recovery rates.Patients and their families will be required to attend group sessions to be able to better develop a plan of care for the patient in the aid to better their chances for recovery. During the process the psychologist will attend weekly meetings to work together to better understand the patients b ehavioral, physical, and emotional or social needs. Behavioral treatment options can come in many forms. It may come in the form of consulting with a psychologist to controvert issues that are going on.Other options may include group sessions to speak openly about depressive and or other emotional feelings that one is coping with regarding their afoot(predicate) well being. Cognitive therapy is a treatment option that focuses on helping patients deal with a specific portion of the problem. With this type of treatment, patients focus on identifying and changing destructive and disturbing thought patterns. Having a portion of all of the listed behavioral treatment options can help with different portions of treatment when it comes to illness such as hospital stays and surgeries.In all of the cases of illnesses more than one treatment option is needed. Having all of the five listed Psychologist will contribute to overall patient health. The substance abuse counselor will contribute to improvement by getting the patient off drugs or give the patient hope and confidence in their current situation. The Inpatient-only psychologist will provide treatment for chronic pain and utilize various methods to facilitate adjustment and coping skills, and also improve in overall patient help by helping the patient cope with the illness.A child psychologist will no only consult with the child prior to the medical procedures and surgery, but will also contribute by preparing the patient adequately for a procedure. And adult psychologist will also consult with the adults prior to the medical procedures and prepare the patient adequately for a procedure. And lastly the rehabilitation psychologist will help adults and children with any physical or mental limitation that occur after and or before surgery buy implementing a daily rehabilitation plan to improve their functionability.With all of the five psychologists working together on a team to contribute to therapy and aftercare treatment there should be 100% patient and family satisfaction. This is to ensure that no treatment desired or needed is overlooked. Each psychologist will assess the information given from the previous to determine they are all on the same track for recovery method for each patient. Each patient will be dealt with individually and will not have a considerable diagnosis without full assessment from each of the five-listed psychologist to ensure they have the proper plan to help promote improvement in overall patient health.References (). Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain. In (pp. 319-342). University of Phoenix American Accreditation Health Care Commission (n. d. ). Retrieved January 14,2010, from www. healthcentral. com American Behavioral Scientist (1994). Challenges for the 21st Century. Special Issue. Retrieved 07/10/10, from www. healthypeople. gov Cherry, K. (2000). What is Health Psychology. Retrieved January 28,2011, from www. about. com Journal of Pediatric Psychology. (1976). Preparation of Children for Hospitalization (Vol. 1 No. 4 ed. ). Missouri Author.

Life is full of mystery Essay

Life is full of mystery that will lead us to one experience to another. There are hurtful experiences that we whitethorn want to for annoy but in that location are happy moments that will surely linger on our thoughts for some geezerhood. Allow me to narrate some of the numerous valuable experiences in my animation. The succeeding pages will tell you how blessed and lucky I am as a person in this world. Through the years of my flavor, I came to know about various people who provided a great impact on my person-to-personity and beliefs.It narrates of my experiences about school, family, fri wind upship, acquaintances and discoveries in life. The journey towards ones success can be measured about the priceless moments that will al guidances remain in mind, heart and soul. I can say that my personal and professional experience made me a better person who is willing to accept more memorable experience to come. Gaze upon the following pages of this booklet and be enchanted about my rollercoaster kind of life. It made me the person that I am now and an individual that will face the future with full optimist.At the end of the day, I always contemplate on things that have happened and ask myself what I have done so far. The contentment that I feel each while I remember gives me enough courage to move on and seek for more adventure in the future. One will never find his/her way forward if he/she never knows how to look back. Yesterday will always be a part of our personality and I can say that life will be meaningless if I was not given the chance to experience the following stories. Memories with Mother Life is best shared with people whom you commit most.As I look back and recall my childhood days, I cannot help but compare the love and care that I receive from my honey mother. She is one of the most precious gift that God has given me. From the day I was born until I learn how to walk and talk, she is always by my ramp and never gets tired of giving me the attention and patience that I need most. There was a point in my life that I always get bruised and injured from playing outside. I end up running home with tears on my eyes. But as the door opens for me, Mother is always there giving me the best hug and warm kisses that will cast all my pains away.She reminds me that I should never be depressed from getting those bruises since it will delineate me a stronger and better person when I grew up. At first I though that I should take that word literally since wound are heal as days goes by and I cannot feel any pain from it. As I grow up and experience having problems about life, school and many more, I came to realize that there is a deeper meaning behind those bruises and it effect on my personality. I clearly remember how I gain problems more severe that getting injured.I get depressed and frustrated by getting low grades but I eventually learn from my mistakes and studies harder than before. Mothers lyric of wisdom are priceless because it speaks of courage and confidence about my personality. My perception about bruises and being stronger are changed because as I mature, I realize that life is full of problems that may cause wounds to people but once they recover they will be more stronger and confident than before. As days goes by I will always remember the bountiful encouragements that mother always told me.

Ceremony of marriage in Islam Essay

In Islam, marriages atomic number 18 a very important event most Moslem weddings are arranged, in order for an arranged marriage to take place both the boys/girls side must give go for, with arranged marriages both families make undisputable that the boys/girls (and their familys) reputation and history is accepted in society and that they have no flaws which would bring a bad have-to doe with on their family all this is checked before the husband/wife enters into their family.A Muslim boy/girl have to choose their partners very carefully as it is an arranged marriage and they are expected to spend their whole life with a stranger they have to countenance to know them and know all their shipway of victuals and habits etc before they agree to marry them although sometimes the parents of the girl/boy are very strict and whitethorn not allow this to happen they may just decide for their son/daughter to get married to someone without asking their opinion this may be a problem som etimes as the married couple may not get a bulky or there may be other problems, another problem with arranged marriages is that if the parents of the Muslim girl/ boy agree to the marriage without the daughters or/ sons consent then it is like they are deciding the fate if their child without the child having a separate in it, scarce mostly this is not the case and the girl/boy is asked their opinion about the person they are going to marry because Muslims believe that a marriage which is forced is doomed to failure. In Islam getting married to a member of your family whether its intermediate or distant family is very common.The majority of Muslim marriages are arranged although there are a few love marriages but in the Muslim community love marriages are not really an option and it seen as a very dangerous thing to do sometimes muslims regard being under the influence of love as a pick up state of mind that could easily cloud judgement. Parents are thought to find good compati ble partners for their children and sometimes they do no agree to give consent to love marriages.Muslims are encouraged to have an arranged marriage although sometimes people have a mixed marriage this is allowed as long as it is a Sikh, Indian, or a Christian person. If an Muslim gets married then the wife has to follow the husbands religion and convert the children have to follow their fathers religion but it is preferred to get married to another Muslim because this way their community expands and Islam as a whole expands.When the marriage is decided upon (arranged) before the wedding many another(prenominal) other celebrations and ceremonys have to take place. Such as the engagement where both the girls and boys family gets together and have an engagement ceremony where the bride and groom get together and exchange rings the other event is the Mahr (dowry) The Mahr is the dowry paid by the husband to the wife. It is a sum negotiated by the husband and wife, which she stinker guard when or if they later get divorced, if the wife wants to get divorced without the consent of her husband she can but only if the mahr is returned. It is against, the sunnah of the prophet to demand mettlesome dowries or not give to give a dowry at all or pay the brides father in compensation for his daughters services at house.After this follows the actual Nikah (wedding) the Nikah is a simple affair the ceremony is plain and simple consisting of readings from the Quran and vows are exchanged in front of witnesses. There are excessively a few prayers recited for this happy occasion the imam is present and no religious official is necessary. The bride does not have to be present as long as she sends her wali or marriage representative and also two witnesses of agreement to the wedding and she can be at home. The signing of the Nikah (wedding) contracts can be changed the original date by weeks or even months or years just like with the prophet and his wife Aishah.If the girl is at home they declare three times that she accepts the wedding. Nikah is not considered to be a sacred contract or made in heaven but is a backrest contract giving the husband and wife both equal rights and responsibilities. Due to the fact that love is not necessarily present at the time a bride can include into the contract certain conditions that would help her if she later wished to have a divorce she could also make it clear that she does not give allowance to allow her husband to have a second wife.After the Nikah follows the Walimah this is the actual wedding party the bride may not dress up for the Nikah but she forget certainly dress up for the Walimah. The walimah usually consists of the actual wedding feast it can take place within three days of the couple living together. Presents are usually given presents given are usually money. It is a tradition to have huge expensive parties in some societies but this is not religious or part of Islam, the prophet disapproves of lavish especially if it causes problems between the husband and wife.

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay

During the 1828 election when Jackson ran for office the second time he succeeded, as he did previously, but this time nothing stood in his way of becoming president. The Jacksonian Democracy that Jackson had brought into the government when he was elected was a true antiauthoritarian movement that was dedicated to its egalitarian views. Although, in this time period the equal rights ideas were still mainly for the white men, disregarding women, African Americans, and the Native Americans.The Jacksonian Democracy was a large force in the individual(a) rights for the working class, as interpreted in Document A The Working Mens Declaration of Independence, by George Henry Evans, as he says, But when a long train of abuses and usurpations inject key out, all invariably tending to the burdensomeness and degradation of one class of society, and to the unnatural and iniquitous exaltation of another by political leaders, it is their right, it is their duty to use each constitutional m eans to revitalize the abuses of such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. In his writing he quotes parts of the declaration to make a point that what the forefathers had said could be utilise to represent the working class, and to make a point that it was the governments duty to entertain such men from the lack of opportunities that the government failed to give them and the rights that they failed to protect in the previous year with various government leaders.When Jackson was re-elected in 1832, the renewal of the National bank was vetoed by Jackson, and some think that its simply because he had a strong dislike for the men that were for the bank. In his veto message, Document B, Andrew Jackson stated that, It appears that more than a fourth part of the take is held by foreigners, and Jackson had had a strong dislike for foreigners, chiefly the British, since he was a young boy, and the residue is held by a few 100 of our own citizens, chiefly of the richest class. It could be interpreted through this that Jackson, along with his dislike for Clay, wanted to keep the American government and economy ruled solely by the Americans, not an outside force like the French and British.Andrew Jackson was a strong believer of Nationalist values, and his values contributed to the way he saw individual rights. Jackson viewed the nation as a whole, and just being American granted, if you were a white male, not of Irish descent than you it was your right to have the aforementioned(prenominal) liberties as everyone else. You could vote, own land, run for office, and have the same opportunities as someone from the upper class if you were among the poorest in the country.Among the many equal rights opportunities, many reform movements began to take place that brought a new light to the Jacksonian government. Public education became something that every child could receive until they reached the age of a secondary school student, and havin g every child receive education was a large part of his equal rights value. The two other reforms were for the criminally insane/mentally insane, the Asylum movement, led by Dorothea Dix, and the Womans rights movement. Although Jackson didnt believe in the same rights of man and woman, the movement went along with the equal rights and opportunities of his government. With the three new reforms taking place in the United States, they benefitted from the others. Women were able to secure jobs as nurse and school teachers, but with many rules, the insane were able to escape from the criminal and terrible conditions they were residing in, and children, whether they be male or female, could receive a proper education.One of the largest movements of the day was the Second Great Awakening a religious movement. Many people were habituated more freedom when it came to their religion, some converting, others not. Those who converted to the newly introduced religions were able to express th eir religious beliefs, while one hundred years prior they could not as openly. Although some religions were seen as improper, they werent as harsh to those of other religions as they may have been in the past.As a result of the changes in the American lifestyle, members of the Jacksonian Democracy believed that it was their duty to preserve the nation in the way that they had seen it, and in their eyes they viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of stinting opportunity.

Baz Luhrmann and Franco Zeffirelli’s film Essay

Having watched two distinct film adaptations of Romeo and Juliet, it is well-defined to see that the two directors have use a number of different techniques, quite differently at times, to put across their particular interpretations of the play. These methods and different interpretations argon very obvious if superstar studies the same go out as portrayed in each film. We looked at Franco Zeffirellis 1970s version of the play and Baz Luhrmanns recent adaptation produced in 1996 and focused on their interpretation of the painting whither Romeo and Juliet meet for the prototypical time.The first thing I noticed is that costume is very important in Zeffirellis scene. Juliet, played by Olivia Hussey, is wear a traditional styled red and gold dress, which highlights wealth. It is not as detailed as approximately at the party which exhibits to the fact that it is not just material wealth she has but also the great amount of natural beauty she has. The bright red contrasts with her pale complexion and jet-black hair to give way her look very striking. Romeos outfit is also very noticeable as he is wearing a mask. It adds to the air of mystery around him as Juliet meets him for the first time. It also boosters to polish off a point about the nature of their attraction when she first sees him, Juliet sees only Romeos eyes, yet is still drawn to him. Therefore, here there is something more than physical attraction. Instead, it seems to be a communion of souls since eyes ar often considered to be the windows to this part of ourselves.The choreography of the scene also reveals something about Romeos feelings towards Juliet. His attention is fixed upon a maam which we assume to be Rosaline who is jump and then twirls out of shot to reveal Juliet to R0meo. It is here that he proclaims he has never seen true beauty until now. It is showing to us that although Romeo thought he was in drive in with Rosaline, it is vigor comp bed to his feelings for Juliet. When the chance arises for Romeo to join Juliet in a dance, he dismisses different ladies for the opportunity to dance with Juliet. As the dancing gets faster, long shots are used to show the amount of good deal present at the party. The dancing changes and people begin to spin around in a circle the photographic television camera shots change, letting people be given past the camera at a very high speed.It looks like flashes of colour flying through and through the shot no faces can be seenclearly. The fast dancing reflects the sheer excitement that they are feeling, that they are so in love that it is truly exhilarating. It is here that Franco Zeffirelli shows how love at first sight very can be true as amongst the chaos and frivolity of colour, the camera jump cuts to Romeo to the party of move colour and to Juliet. He has d atomic number 53 this to show how amongst the chaos of their feuding families, they have their birth world where no one else matters except each ot her.When the bard starts to sing, Romeo and Juliet speak for the first time. As they do, the words being sung in the background have a large resemblance to their lives. It tells of their willingness to be together but their struggle to make it possible as they are torn apart by their feuding families. As the choreography reflects the emotions of the characters, the score that plays in the Zeffirelli film reflects their emotions again as when Romeo sees Juliet, he sees her beauty and the score changes to a softer, more gentle tune. Franco Zeffirelli contrasts Romeo and Juliet when they are together with the melody. It changes from loud, frantic music to gentle, heavenly tunes, the score changes to a minor key as she is not sure about him and then surges as they kiss.In the play, Shakespeare also juxtaposes scenes that are chaotic with very tranquil peaceful ones. As I have said, the score changes as Juliet and Romeo are together and in the play, Shakespeare shows their love by cons tantly comparing scenes with them in to scenes with fighting, frantic happenings and chaos.In Baz Luhrmanns film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, the scene I have studied begins with Romeo played by Leonardo Di Caprio with his face submerged in water, airstream his face, which clears his mind of drugs and he sees Juliet in a clearer light. The lovers first meeting is a sequence where each is on either side of a lavish fish tank. The lighting used is a pale blue, devising it seem slightly surreal, almost dream like. As Romeo and Juliet playfully look at each other through the tank, camera shots cleverly portray their meeting to look like they are together in spite of appearance the tank. In this scene, camera distances vary from medium close-shots to close-ups andback again, their eyes are depicted throughout, as the camera shots change, it portrays them watching each other, discovering each other every feature, every move.The idea of social and physical barriers is presented by having the fish tank between the two of them, keeping them apart thus visualizing to the audience the other font of Romeo and Juliets love. The fish tank serves as a physical barrier between the two lovers, up to now though there are also a lot of emotional barriers. Even though Romeo is bedazzle from the ecstasy pill and his infatuation with Rosaline, it is the water that purifies and cleanses his mind and it the free, flowing nature of water that Luhrmann uses as a representation of love.When the two lovers kiss in the lift, the cameras encircle them, thus suggesting that Romeo and Juliet are at the centre of their own universe, in total disregard or lack of awareness of the social chaos as suggested by the blurred images around them. The way in which the imagery of water is used to symbolise their own world, camera shots, lighting and music also add to the depth of their love. The beautiful melody of Kissing You marks the sign meeting of Romeo and Juliet, and Desrees deep, soulful voice glides gently through the house as the strangers playfully observe each other through the fish tank. The score is a brave and eclectic mixing of atmospheric music from Radioheads Talk Show Host to Wagners Liebstod. The emphasis is on music that is emotive and suitable for a particular scene rather than creating a soundtrack rooted in one genre as in the Zeffirelli adaptation.The Capulet Ball is one of the most outstanding sequences in the movie. The decorations are spectacular, and the costumes are magnificent. However, the party is not all just glitz and glamour. Upon closer investigation, we can see that it is also a perfect opportunity for Luhrmann to accentuate the individual motivations of the characters with clever use of costumes. Romeo is the knight in shining armor who has been sent to rescue Juliet, and Juliet is a bright angel, innocent and pure, who has been sent to relieve Romeos confusion and despair. Luhrmann supplements this image by showing Romeo and Juliet as innocent, beautiful and youthful. This is achieved by the continuous focus of the cameras on the freshness of their skin, their bubbling eyes, flushed cheeks and pink lips in addition to the words of Shakespeare.In conclusion, these two films, although based upon the same play, contend across very differently. The fact that Franco Zeffirelli has set his in the time Shakespeare intended it to and Baz Luhrmann has set his in twentieth century Verona beach, Florida has a considerable amount to do with these differences. It is interesting to see that both directors have used the concept of the young couple existing in their own world, although both of them use different techniques to present this, their outcome is visualised to the viewer the same. Baz Luhrmann has had certain advantages to his film as he had technology to service him portray the initial meaning in a more dream like manner with the help of special lighting and specific camera shots. Also, this adaptation wa s a major Hollywood blockbuster with millions of dollars to be spent on it. Whereas, 40 years ago, I imagine that Franco Zeffirelli would have had to deal with a work out and obviously, did not have the technology to portray special effects and sounds.

Differential in Views on Movie Rating Classification

Ordinance to classify the normal entertainment (i. e. movies, shows) provided the audience with the convenient way to judge the degree of exposure of questionable material, like sexually explicit topics or nudity. The government officials in appropriate departments initiated the type of rank for such entertainment without canvas for general usual opinion. Thus, it is a logical deduction that there would be some differential toward the rating classification present between the established norms and the common attitude.This paper entrust investigate the general everyday opinion through surveying a large sample with the consecutive data analysis. The data volition be collected using the specially designed questionnaire questions in which the content will specifically mug the participants attitude toward the target. The participants will be divide into four groups 1) Married adults with children, 2) Single adults without children, 3) Teenagers, 4) Children.The participants will be choose through the randomization methodology to avoid any bias. in that respect will be total of 1200 participants divided equally into four aforementioned groups. Our Null Hypothesis will be as follows No There is a differentiation in attitude toward the media rating classification between the established ordinance and the public opinion. Our Alternative Hypothesis will be H1 The differentiation in attitude is insignificant The variables will be age, family status, degree of attitude.(Attitude can be measured using one to five scale). To increase validity, we propose the slaying of the questionnaire twice one in the beginning of one-month interval and another at the end of it. This is an optional distinction that would preclude questions about participant moods during the time when they will answer questions and the external factors that might influence their answers. The statistics will be calculated with the computer-based software programs, like SPSS.Also, we will examine data against any correlations, like contingent high correlation between the adults with childrens attitudes and that of the government officials. Additionally, we must consider necessary project costs, as in follows. Our expenses will be absorbed by photocopying, traveling, and analysis expenses, all totaling to $ 4,800 (four thousand eight c USD). The project is deemed to take a bit over six weeks time and will be conducted from June 1 through July 19th.

Laser corrective vision surgery

Clarity of plenty depends upon how well cornea and lens accept rays to fall on to the retina on cones and rods. Light rays refract and bend on to focus on to the retina to regulate a clear image. There are two photoreceptors cones (which color sensitive) and rods (which is dim light sensitive). These send signals to idea though optic nerve. If the shape of the cornea is abnormal light does not fall halally or tight-laced image is not formed on the back of cornea. (Fletcher, 2007) This is called refractive error.This can be corrected by refractive surgery. Refractive errors include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism (an irregularly shaped cornea which ca practises blurring), and presbyopia (similar to hyperopia, a condition which causes the lens to harden). Refractive eye surgery helps to reduce or eliminate a persons dependency on eyeglasses or contact lenses. (NYP, 2007) There are several(prenominal) types of refractive surgery proper diagnosti cs can only determine which is needed by whom.It can well be stated that compared with surface ablation, LASIK results in earlier and faster improvement of uncorrected visual acuity, and has less (or almost no) operative discomfort, improved stability, and predictability. (Agingeye, 2007) At the same note it can also be stated that with LASIK, however, the adventures of flap-related complications (wrinkles, debris, folds, exactlytonhole, and diffuse lamellar keratitis) may be associated with the creation of the lamellar flap. (Agingeye, 2007)Precautions of laser correction surgeries are1) Eyes should be healthy2) Patient should be adult3) Stable slap-up deal for a year or so.4) If pregnant surgery should be performed on after evaluating the shape of corneas.5) Should not have Degenerative or autoimmune diseases. (Allaboutvision, 2007)Some of risks in LASIK are1) Some patients lose vision2) Some patients develop debilitating visual symptoms.3) irregular astigmatism, which can decrement the corrected vision4) corneal haze or glare5) overcorrected or undercorrected vision6) inability to gestate contact lenses in the future7) loss of the corneal flap, requiring a corneal graft8) scarring9) infection (Roberts, 2007)10) vision loss11) develop severe dry eye syndrome12) Irregular Astigmatism13) Keratectasia14) Night Vision Problems or Night Glare and Halos15) Central Islands16) Epithelial IngrowthDiffuse Lamellar Keratitis (DLK) (Banerjee, 2005)Lasik has its benefits too. It is performed under a protective layer of corneal tissue. As a result, there is less surface area to heal, less risk of scarring, less risk of corneal haze, less postoperative discomfort, less postoperative need for medications, and vision returns much rapidly, often deep down a day or so. It can an also treat a higher range of vision errors. (Grochmaleye, 2007)One testimony to this is available from the US military. It is stated that the U.S. military also has adopted widespread use of refractive surgery including LASIK to decrease reliance of troops on artificial lenses or eyewear as prove by the more than 16,000 U.S. Army personnel who underwent refractive surgery from 2000 through 2003. Studies of these outcomes showed that 86% achieved 20/20 or discover uncorrected vision and 98% achieved 20/40 or better, which legally is considered good enough for driving without eyewear or contact lenses. (Allaboutvision, 2007)Some Statistics are in this context can be stated as followsPatient Results Three Months After Treatment Procedure 20/20 or Better 20/40 or Better LASIK for myopia 42.0% to 84.8% 76.8% to 99.4% LASIK for hyperopia 48.8% to 58.3% 93.4% to 98.3% PRK for myopia and hyperopia* 67% (approximate) 95% (approximate) (AAO, 2007) In conclusion it can be stated that the method has both positive and negatively charged aspects. It should be remembered that the use of laser was approved by the FDAs Medical Devices Advisory Committee in the context of the Ophthal mic Devices Panel and the effectiveness and safety was proved with the help of various clinical studies. (FDA, 2007)The FDA evaluated several case studies on the method and after analysis of 1,013 eyes LASIK performances that was carried out in thirteen centers of care for over the period of half year it was found that of the 1,013 eyes treated, 92 percent were corrected to 20/40 or better and 47 percent were corrected to 20/20 or better without glasses or contact lenses. (FDA, 2007) However, in accordance to FDA it could be stated that short-term side effect included pain (for 24 to 48 hours), corneal swelling, double vision and light sensitivity. In many patients these effects lasted for several weeks.(FDA, 2007) Thus this could be termed as a well tested process but it needs more time and application to become a complete water-tight method. It could be stated that more work on the subject is necessary.ReferencesAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology (2007) Ophthalmology Report 2007 Sydney Allied PublicationsAllaboutvision (2007) Lasik Criteria allaboutvision.com retrieved on 10.02.2008 from http//www.allaboutvision.com/visionsurgery/lasik-criteria.htmAllaboutvision (2007) Lasik complication allaboutvision.com retrieved on 10.02.2008 from http//www.allaboutvision.com/visionsurgery/lasik_complication_1.htmBanerjee, D (2007) Details from Medical Journals of AIIMS New Delhi AIIMSFletcher, R (2007) Medical Principals Beliefs and Knowledge Believing and Knowing Dunedin Howard outlayGrochmaleye (2007) Lasik benefits grochmaleye.com retrieved on 10.02.2008 from http//www.grochmaleye.com/lasik_benefits.html

Gary Becker’s Contribution to Family Economics

Gary Beckers research on scotchs has alike been his lifes work and garnered him the Nobel Prize in economic science in 1992 for having ex disco biscuitded the do main of the microeconomic Analysis to a wide point of human demeanour and interactions, including non- trade behavior. (Federal, p. 1).Beckers entire life has been spent taking the typical economic approach and extending it to a wider range of social issues. In accompaniment to sheer m anenesstary issues, Becker goes further and trys that individuals, contrary to widely held belief do non operate solely under financial gain and, in fact can show great acts of altruism as well.It has been said that Beckers analysis should perhaps be know as the theory of rational choice, or purposeful behavior rather than simply as the straight economic approach gener solelyy seen. (The Prize p. 1). Becker himself notes that economic analysis can be applied to many issues in our daily social lives, an opposite(prenominal) than the angiotensin converting enzymes we traditionally believe to be strictly economic. He further grounds that the horizons of economic science need to be expanded. Economists can talk not precisely many the demand for cars, that also about matters such as the family, discrimination, and religion, and about prejudice, guilt and love. (Religion p. 1). He very staunchly states that economic imperialism is not the same thing at all as crude materialism and that the idea that the total of a soulfulnesss value lies in their material worth has more in common with bolshy analysis than his bear. (Religion p. 1). Robert Pollack, a self-stated critic of Beckers concedes that he is really more of a follower of Beckers than a critic, and that in all reality Becker put the family on the economic professions research agenda. (Pollack p. 5). The economics of the family is a creation of Gary Becker, and exhibits incredible significance in our lives straightaway. B.Objectives/Hypotheses/Posi tion Becker calls the form of interdependent preferences within the family altruism. These preferences are introduced by supposing that one fellow is egoistical, while the former(a) is selfless, or cares both about his or her own economic consumption as well as the spouses utility. Pollack argues that rather than altruistic, the word should be known as deferential, as it is much more descriptive, denoting that, for instance the husband defers to his wifes preferences regarding her consumption pattern. (Pollack pg. 12). heedless(prenominal) of the terminology utilise, we can take Pollacks pretending for explanation.Family members lots have non-deferential preferences wherein each spouse cares about each others consumption habits any instead of or in addition to caring about their own. For the laymen, Pollack lays out Beckers theory even unprejudicedr A wife whitethorn have non-deferential preferences in that she requirements her husband to spend more clip jogging because its good for him, and less time watching TV. In other words, non-deferential preferences tend to mean that each spouse prefers a opposite consumption patter for the other spouse, than the other spouse would choose for him/herself. (Pollack p. 14).Becker would state that the altruist, or deferential partner does not give anymore weight to his own well-being or self-interests than he gives to any other family member. Becker typically allows that the head of the dwelling is regarded as an altruistic agent of the interests of all family members. (Pollack p. 14). Martha Nussbaum, a philosopher, finds this theory to be full of holes. Because the typical head of the nursing home is male, Nussbaum feels that Beckers theory becomes flawed as males are often neglectful of the interests of females, whether wives or baby birdren, and makes decisions inimical to those interests. (Pollack p. 14). Whether or not you agree with Nussbaum that the typical male head of home plate is far from alt ruistic, or deferential, I think we can all agree that in theory there is generally one altruistic or deferential spouse in a relationship, along with the other who is the non-deferential spouse, or is more concerned with their own financial issues than of those of their spouse. Beckers deferential preferences as related to parents and children would state that parents were not only concerned with their childrens utilities, but with their consumption patterns as well.In other words, while parents dexterity be willing to pay for college, or perhaps a down payment on their childrens first house, they will be much less inclined to pay for a Hummer, or a trip to Europe. (Pollack p. 16). So the deferential model has parents willing to fund the necessities of life, such as education or a roof over their childrens heads, but are much less likely to want to pay for the frills. C. Methodology Beckers household production model theorizes that households combine both time and market goods to produce more basic commodities that directly enter their utility functions. (Pollack p. 16). This is, of course, based on the dissembled absence seizure of joint production in the family as well as the assumed observability and measurability of commodities. Becker denotes commodity dominate prices in his household production model, which is the ratio at which a household can transform one commodity into another. All time and market goods that produce more basic commodities means treating all household functions as commodities. Therefore, time spent cooking, time spent cleaning, time spent helping children with homework all become commodities.Please note, that Becker defines commodities as anything that is observable or measurable, therefore in his model, time spent watching a pay with the children, sleeping, or listening to music is measurable, while stating these same things differently, such as music appreciation, makes them uneffective to be measured or observed. So, the same activity, stated differently energy or might not be a commodity. (Pollack p. 19). Beckers altruistic model in the context of family consisted of a brood of egoistic but rational kids and one deferential or altruistic parent.In his Rotten Kid Theorem, Becker notes that Each beneficiary, no matter how selfish, maximizes the family income of his benefactor and thereby internalizes all effects of his actions on other beneficiaries. (Pollack p. 21). Becker frequently uses the wife in the family model as the Rotten Kid, and Pollacks example is that an altruist (or his selfish beneficiary) would eat with his fingers only when its value to him exceeds the value of the disgust suffered by another family member, or the altruist would empathize in cognise late at night only when its value to him far exceeds the loss of sleep suffered by his spouse.(Pollack p. 21). D. Innovating Aspects of written report Becker basically looked upon the family, or the household as a miniature factory whic h produced services for the members of the household, with an input of time and purchased consumer goods, the latter being regarded as intermediate inputs in the production process taking place in the household. (The Prize p. 1). In this particular context, therefore, a wage rise can lead to less time-consuming production of services within the household.In other words, the fathers increase in pay might well enable the mother to hire a maid to help with the household chores, thereby freeing up more of her own time for the children or for leisure activities. In a really modern step, Becker also applied his economic family theories to the vault of heaven of crime and punishment, making the speculation that except for a trustworthy number of true psychopaths, individuals who behave criminally react in predictable ways to different stimuli in the form of benefits and the represents of criminal activities. (The Prize p. 2). This theory would then carry fairly solid predictions a bout which groups of citizens could reasonably be anticipate to commit which types of crime. Studies on this correction have shown that an increase in the prospect of being convicted at all is more a deterrent to the would-be criminal than the expectation of a certain level of harshness of punishment. (The Prize, pg. 2). D. Brief Critical Literature Survey Another famous deem of Gary Beckers is entitled The scotchs ofDiscrimination. The theory of this book is that discrimination carries certain costs. For example, lets assume that a certain businessman doesnt like hiring women, or blacks, or any specific group, for that matter. In our present day highly competitive marketplace this businessman essential then bear the cost of his particular discrimination. If he hires a high-wage white worker as opposed to an equally productive but lower-wage female worker, he has then foregone profits that could accrue to his firm.Although he may still determine to discriminate based on his strong feelings about one group or another, essentially the stronger his prejudices, the higher(prenominal) the cost. Although in some situations these costs might be hidden, and even though a competitive market will never completely eliminate discrimination, the market will, in itself, tend to reduce discrimination strictly because the company that discriminates must pay the monetary costs associated with discrimination. (Economic p. 3).Becker also discusses Richard Epsteins book, Forbidden Grounds, calling it a very thoughtful book, which raises good suspenses. (Economic p. 3). Epstein stresses the difficulties in implementing civil rights legislation, stressing the huge gap between the promise and the lend oneself Becker agrees with Epsteins conclusion that there should be no civil rights legislation. (Economic p. 4). II. Analysis A. Hypotheses/Model Becker believes his model of household production puts economics into a simpler form that can be more easily understood by the general public.In fact, the American people as a whole tend to be frightened by economics, to the point, Becker says, that when you mention you are an economist, the typical response is that people say they took an economics class in college and either hated it or were terrible at it, or both. Becker believes that we should relax over the whole issue of economics, and that economists should taste to express economic concepts in simple language, and detail the solving of economics in a straightforward, simple way. (Federal, p. 6).Becker continues by saying that many intellectuals and economists use big words and obscure language when they are physical composition about economics. Sometimes it is a way of disguising that they are not saying a heck of a lot. Of course, some propositions are tougher to express. (Federal p. 6). The challenge to a writer of economics, or any subject considered by the average person to be difficult, is to give a reasonably intelligent person a feel for the basics, and let their own intellect take it from that point. B. Analytical Discussion of Topic/Model In an interview with Gary Becker, he was asked if it was a true story that the initialInspiration for his work on the economics of crime was found while searching for a parking spot, and he agrees, True story. As he tells the story, he was coming down to Columbus University for an unwritten exam. He was to ask students a half-hours worth of questions on price theory. Becker was living in the suburbs at the time and drove to Columbia. He was running a bit latenever a good thing in New York City with parking spaces at such a premium. Because in those days Columbia had no designated parking for their faculty members, the choice was to either park illegally or go into a parking lot.Realizing how late he was, Becker pondered on the two choices, mentally calculating his chances of acquiring caught if he put illegally versus parking a couple of blocks away which would entail a conti nuing walk, as well as costing money. As Becker walked to the exama walk that took about ten minuteshe suddenly cognise that if he was thought process about his chances of getting caught while parked illegally, that in all likelihood, the police were thinking about the same thing. They must, if they were rational human beings, be thinking about the likelihood of catching someone who was illegally parked.When Becker reached his students oral exam, the first question he presented was the one he had been pondering, and while he remembers the student didnt do to well with an answer, Becker realized what an interesting topic it was, and started working seriously on it from that point out. Becker states that I set it up so that society was trying to minimize the expected loss from criminals, taking account of the damage done by the crime, cost of policing, cost of taking somebody to trial, cost of punishment, how much deterrence there would be if criminals expected greater punishment or lesser punishment and so on. (Federal p. 2). In the end, Becker was grateful to his parking problem, as it led him to one of his most famous theories of crime and economics. C. Theoretical Analysis Gary Becker was a great truster that family law would be a good battleground in which to do more law and economics work. He notes that family law is often looked down on in law school, not being a field that top people should consider going into, yet the family is such an important institution in society, that family law should certainly garner more respect from the legal industry.Families have been ever-changing, particularly in the digest few decades, and now there are more and more areas of family law such as divorce, fertility, child care, homosexual marriages, homosexual parenting, marriage contracts, custody provisionthe list goes on and on. Therefore Becker finds family law an area of great interest, ready to have more law students making it their specialty. Becker feels that f amily law is clearly one area that can have much more done with it using the tools of laws and economics. (Federal p. 3). D. Experts Insights and FindingsPollack finds Beckers earlier talked about altruistic model as an ultimatum support. Pollacks example is that the first player, or the proposer, offers a division of a fixed sum of money between himself and the second player. The second player, or the answerer, is informed of the proposed division, and must then choose between two alternatives which are She can accept the proposed division, in which case both players bewilder the proposed payoffs, or She can reject the proposed division, in which case both players receive exactly nothing.Therefore, Pollack reasons, the ultimatum game is a one-shot non-cooperative game in which the proposer moves first and confronts the potential recipient with a take it or leave it offer. Commitment is essential to ultimatum gamesif the responder rejects the offer, the game ends the proposer c annot improve his offer. (Pollack p. 24). E. Regressions/Correlation Analysis/selective information/tables To relate the above ultimatum game to Beckers altruistic model, consider the game in which the proposer and the responder divide a fixed sum of money. Further consider that the proposer has egoistic tendencies.Therefore, the proposer offers a division in which he gets the entire sum, and the responder accepts, because she can do no better. If, on the other hand the proposer cares about the responders utility, then the proposer is going to offer a division that benefits the responder above himself. F. Findings/Arguments/Evidence The take it or leave it family ultimatum game provides a model in which all Beckers claims about efficiency, distribution, and family demand functions hold. The altruist attains his most preferred feasible point, subject to the constraint that others receive full to remain in the family. (Pollack p. 25).G. Statistical Data/Tables Empirical work on poo ling began with articles by Duncan Thomas and T. Paul Schultz. (Pollack p. 33). Thomas showed that kids do better in terms of mortality and morbidness when their mothers control a large fraction of the family resources. Becks alternative theory to this assumption is the better mothers story, or the fact that mothers with more energy and ability are more likely to control a larger fraction of family nonlabor resources, and thus to have kids who do better. Thomas and Shultz, however, do not observe energy or ability. III. Policy Findings and Conclusions A. Basic Findings/SummaryAccording to Pollack, Beckers economic approach to the family is often believed to imply that certain types of government policies cannot and do not affect allocation within families because they will be fully neutralized by individuals responses. (Pollack, p. 39). some(prenominal) Beckers altruist model and Rotten Kid Theorem imply that which parent receives the child benefit must be irrelevant, however Po llack feels that the conclusion that parents will neutralize the child benefit depends on the assumption that family collective choice is determined by the altruist model, and that preferences exhibit transferable utility. (Pollack p. 40). B. Policy Recommendations from your findings The role of engineering and its place in facilitating the ability of human capital is both critical and important in todays world. Becker felt that modern economies depend on modern technology, and you cant have one without the other. Additionally, these various technologies are generally produced by people who have lots of human capital. Without that human capital there would not be the opportunity to build and make effective use of technology.Lastly, according to Becker, these sore technologies are going to significantly impact the acquiring of this capital. People are beginning to use the various forms of technology to work at home, or earn degrees at home, thereby reducing the cost of multitude many people under one roof. (Manville, p. 3). The possibilities of the new technologies, along with the specific economics of these same technologies offer incredible opportunities for our future. C. Limitations of your study The limitations of the study on Gary Beckers contributions to Family Economicsexist only in the capacity to devote enough information to each subject in the required amount of space. D. Suggestions for Future Research Reading Gary Beckers humanity Capital and Poverty Alleviation would be my number one suggestion for future research. Becker believes that the main purpose of economics is to both understand and help alleviate poverty and this issue seems to be one that requires further investigation and study. IV. References A. Scholarly Books/Journal Articles Pollak, Robert A. 2002. Gary Beckers Contributions to Family and Household Economics.National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, MA 02138, October 2002. B. WWW. References Becker, Gary S. declination 16, 1994. Human Capital and Poverty Alleviation. http//www. worldbank. org/html/extdr/hnp/hddflash/workp/wp_00052. (Accessed June 17, 2006). Becker Honored with Phoenix Prize. April 23, 2001. Economist Wins Prize for Contributions to Social Sciences. http//www. chibus. com/media/ terminus/paper408/news/2001/04/23/GsbNe ws/Becker. Honor (Accessed June 13, 2006). Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. June, 2002. Interview with Gary Becker. http//minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/02-06/becker. cfm (Accessed June 15, 2006). Manville, Brook. 1994. Talking Human Capital with Professor Gary S. Becker, Nobel Laureate. http//www. linezine. com/7. 1/interviews/gbbmthc. htm (Accessed June 12, 2006). Religion and Liberty. March and April 1993. Economic Imperialism. http//www. acton. org/publicat/randl/print_interview. php? id=76 (Accessed June 13, 2006). The Prize in Economic Sciences 1992. The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992. http//www. nobelprize. org/econ omics/laureates/1992/presentation-speech(Accessed June 12, 2006). V. Appendix A. Mathematical/statistical elaboration There was little mathematical elaboration in the sources I used, although Pollack used a specific mathematical equation to explain Beckers household production model. B. Data Data used consisted of both Gary Beckers writings and interviews as well as the views of other professionals regarding his conclusions. C. Results The results of this paper are to seek Beckers theories of economics and present the results in a format that is hopefully more easily read by the laymen.