Disaster Management Cycle

Disaster Prep bedness and Management denomination No. 1 pic Submitted to Sir Muhammad Akmal Khan Submitted by Tayyab Hasnain Janjua Reg 14DD-410004 D. DRM Second Quarter nightfall 2010 Disaster Management Cycle Disaster Risk Management includes nitty-gritty total of all activities, programmes and measures which can be thinkn up before, during and after(prenominal) a catastrophe with the purpose to avoid a hazard, reduce its preserve or recover from its overtakinges. The three key stand fors of activities that are taken up within casualty risk vigilance are as follows picINITIATIVES taken pic Figure 1. Three phases of tragedy heed pass 1. Pre Disaster phase Before a mishap (pre- chance). Pre-disaster activities those which are taken to reduce military personnel and property losses hastend by a potential hazard. For example, carrying out awareness campaigns, strengthening the existing weak structures, preparation of the disaster centering plans at household and c ommunity level, etc. Such risk reduction measures taken under this stage are termed as mitigation and preparedness activities. 2. During disaster PhaseDuring a disaster (disaster occurrence). These include initiatives taken to ensure that the necessarily and provisions of victims are met and suffering is minimized. Activities taken under this stage are called tweak resolution activities. 3. Post disaster Phase After a disaster (post-disaster). thither are initiatives taken in retort to a disaster with a purpose to achieve early recovery and refilling of affected communities, immediately after a disaster strikes. These are called as response and recovery activities. ExplanationThe Disaster risk management cycle plat (DRMC) highlights the range of initiatives which normally occur during both the Emergency response and Recovery stages of a disaster. Some of these cut across both stages (such things as coordination and the provision of ongoing assistance) whilst other activities ar e unique to apiece stage (e. g. Early Warning and Evacuation during Emergency Response and Reconstruction and scotch and 48 Social Recovery as part of Recovery). The DRMC also highlights the graphic symbol of the media, where there is a strong relationship between this and funding opportunities.This diagram works best for relatively sudden-onset disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, bushfires, tsunamis, cyclones etc, but is little reflective of slow-onset disasters, such as drought, where there is no obviously placeable single event which triggers the movement into the Emergency Response stage. According to Warfield (2008) disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid the potential losses from hazards, assure invigorate and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and telling recovery.The disaster management cycle illustrates the ongoing process by which governments, businesses, and civil society plan for and reduce the impact of disasters, react duri ng and immediately following a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster has occurred. Appropriate actions at all points in the cycle lead to great preparedness, better warnings, cut down vulnerability or the prevention of disasters during the next iteration of the cycle.The complete disaster management cycle includes the shaping of public policies and plans that either modify the causes of disasters or mitigate their effects on people, property, and infrastructure. The mitigation and preparedness phases occur as disaster management improvements are made in anticipation of a disaster event. Developmental considerations play a key role in contributing to the mitigation and preparation of a community to effectively expect a disaster. As a disaster occurs, disaster management actors, in particular humanitarian organizations become involved in the immediate response and long-term recovery phases.The four disaster management phases illustrated here do not always, or even ge nerally, occur in isolation or in this precise order. Often phases of the cycle overlap and the length of each phase greatly depends on the severity of the disaster. ? Mitigation Minimizing the effects of disaster. Examples twist codes and zoning vulnerability analyses public education. ? Preparedness Planning how to respond. Examples preparedness plans emergency exercises/training warning systems. ? Response Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster.Examples expect and rescue emergency relief. ? Recovery Returning the community to normal. Examples temporary lodgement grants medical care. To analyze the scope of disaster management in the rewrite context, it should be studied the cycle of the phenomenon (Figure 2). Disasters are as old as human history but the dramatic attach and the damage caused by them in the recent past have become a cause of national and international concern. Over the past decade, the number of natural and manmade disasters has climbed ine xorably.From 1994 to 1998, report disasters average was 428 per form but from 1999 to 2003, this figure went up to an average of 707 disaster events per year. Figure 3 presents the deadliest disasters of the decade (1992-2001). Figure 3. Reported Deaths from all Disasters orb Scenario (1992-2001) Drought and famine have proved to be the deadliest disasters globally (45%), followed by floods (16%), technological disaster (14%), earthquake (12%), windstorm (10%), extreme temperature and others (3%).Global economic loss related to disaster events average around US $880 billion per year (CBSE, 2006). Conclusions There has been a dramatic increase in disasters and the damages caused by them in the recent past. Over the past decade, the number of natural and manmade disasters has climbed inexorably. thence to the statistics, the number of disasters per year increased with 60% in the period 1999-2001 in comparison with the previous period, 1994 -1998. The highest increase was in the cou ntries of low human emergence, which registered an increase of 142%.In these countries, the responsible institutions should play an important role but, in general, the disaster management policy responses are influenced by methods and tools for cost-effective and sustainable interventions. There are no long-term, inclusive and coherent institutional arrangements to address disaster issues with a long term vision. Disasters are viewed in isolation from the processes of mainstream development and poverty alleviation planning. For example, disaster management, development planning and environmental management institutions operate in isolation and integrated planning between these sectors is approximately lacking.Absence of a central authority for integrated disaster management and lack of coordination within and between disaster related organizations is responsible for effective and efficient disaster management. State-level disaster preparedness and mitigation measures are firmly t ilted towards structural aspects and undermine nonstructural elements such as the knowledge and capacities of local people, and the related livelihood protection issues. In conclusion, with a greater capacity of the individual/community and environment to face the disasters, the impact of a hazard would be reduced. DURING 2