Révolution française

There was a outgrowth discrepancy between reality and the legally-defined social structure. Under the laws of the over-the-hill regime, the french distinguished men by hereditary or acquired rank -- and recognized the corporate rights of Church and Title farther before considering the rights of individuals.

The weakness of the monarchy was a crucial factor butt the actual instigation of revolution. Nominally, the benevolent Louis XVI (reigned 177492) was the absolute convention of a united country. Actually, the king had little freedom of implement because so many rights and privileges were retained by provinces, towns, corporate bodies, the popish Catholic clergy, and the nobility. Moreover, offices in the legal and administrative system  and the appalling rank that went with them  could be purchased and bequeathed as property. A " late nobility" of ennobled officials had developed by the 1780s. These men were able to monopolize economic employment, to frustrate violet reforms, and to prevent the monarchy from raising taxes to meet the alwaysincreasing costs of government and of contend.

Beside the limitations of the existing billet quo, ane must compare and contrast the vivid potentials of the mind that France enjoyed in the 18th Century, aka "The Age of Enlightenment." With popular philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot stage setting the pace, French thought on then-arcane subjects such as "The Rights of human beings" we

The National Convention dismay Europe by a series of radical acts. It set up a "Republic" in September 1792. The new Republic, not content with fighting invaders, inaugurated a policy of revolutionary struggle to carry their cause abroad. Finally, most shocking of all to the status quo of European tradition, the new French Republic sent their country's king, Louis XVI, to the guillotine in January 1793.

There were definitely economic pressures leading to the French vicissitude. The expense of the French participation in the American Revolution was an economic disaster; it made fiscal reform, or change magnitude taxation, imperative after 1783.

However, since Louis' advisors correctly perceived that no advance revenue could be raised from a peasantry already saddle by taxes and manorial dues, they made the only logical prize: the proud ministers attempted to tax all landowners, regardless of privileges. non surprisingly, this plan met with resistance in the law courts and provincial assemblies, which the royal court could not control.

By mid-92 the hardwon typography had collapsed, unable to withstand the internal and external stresses upon France and its civil society. On April 1792, a new Legislative conclave declared war on Austria, which it believed to be instigating counterrevolutionary agitation. So were "The French ultra Wars" launched in an atmosphere of uncertainty and distrust. Louis vetoed emergency measures; his wife was the miss of the Holy Roman Emperor, and Louis had been looking to Austria for support. When Austrian and Prussian forces invaded France, in that respect was strong evidence to suggest collusion between the royal family and the nation's invaders.

The National Assembly sought to establish a new legal structure for France. Its members issued decrees abolishing privileges, venality, and "feudal" obligations. Emerging from the National Assembly on August 26th, the rights of the bourgeoisie were laid down in
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